Growth rates of Antarctic marine phytoplankton in the Weddell Sea

Spies, Annette

doi:10.3354/meps041267

Cited by 47 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The maximal growth rates reported here are usually higher than the values reported for congeneric but unidentified species by Spies (1987). It may be doubted, however, whether the light intensity of 45 PEinst m-2 s-l used by Spies was really saturating.…”

contrasting

confidence: 45%

Maximal growth rates of Antarctic phytoplankton: Only weak dependence on cell size

Sommer

1989

Limnology & Oceanography

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Maximal growth rates of 15 Antarctic phytoplankton species at 0°C ranged from 0.32 to 0.72 d−1, showing only a weak dependence on cell size. Comparisons were made with two models for size dependence of temperature‐corrected rates of maximal growth. Schlesinger's general phytoplankton model predicts a strong size dependence of growth rates and grossly underestimates the maximal growth rates of the larger species, but gives reasonable estimates for the smallest ones. Banse's marine diatom model assumes a weak size dependence of growth rates and gives generally better predictions.

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confidence: 45%

Maximal growth rates of Antarctic phytoplankton: Only weak dependence on cell size

Sommer

1989

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…(Units given in list of notation.) Eppley (1972) determined p. to be 0.85 11 and rr to be 0.0633 based on the growth of various phytoplankton species acclimated to temperatures >2"C. This formulation also appears to adequately describe algal growth at lower temperatures (Grossi et al 1984;Spies 1987;Robinson 1992).…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high resolution bio-optical model of microalgal growth: Tests using sea-ice algal community time-series data

Arrigo

Sullivan

1994

Limnol. Oceanogr.

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A high resolution, two-dimensional (z, t) time-dependent model of microalgal growth has been developed in which simulated physiological responses arc determined by ambient temperature, spectral irradiance, nutrient concentration, and salinity. The model is based on the concept ofa maximum temperaturedependent growth rate that is subsequently reduced by limitations imposed from insufficient light or nutrients, as well as sub-or supraoptimal salinity. Limitation terms for these variables are derived from studies of nutrient-, light-, and salinity-dependent algal growth (or photosynthetic) rates that have been normalized to maximum observed rates with respect to each variable. Particular emphasis was placed on developing the formulation for light limitation, which includes the effects of diel changes in spectral irradiance, seasonal changes in photoperiod, and related adjustments in biochemical C : Chl a ratios. This level of detail was needed because the importance of light limitation has been demonstrated on diurnal, seasonal, and annual time scales in polar regions. The model was tested by comparing simulation results to a sea-ice microalgal bloom in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, in 1982. Environmental information from 1982 and biological coefftcients derived from sea-ice communities were used as model input. Model results showed excellent agreement with microalgal bloom dynamics observed in 1982 under a variety of environmental conditions. Predicted Chl a standing crops were consistently within 15% of observations for the congelation ice and platelet ice, regardless of snow thickness (snow-free, 5-cm, and IO-cm snowcover scenarios were tested), and predicted vertical distributions of Chl a exhibited the same depthdependent pattern as observations. Microalgae living in many aquatic ecosystems experience widely fluctuating environmental conditions which profoundly influence rates of photosynthesis and growth. For example, in upwelling regions, ambient irradiance and temperature may change on time scales of hours as seawater from depth is advected to the surface. Similarly, estuarine and sea-ice algal assemblages may experience rapid diel and seasonal shifts in salinity and temperature. Accurate assessments of primary AcknowledgmentsWe thank Mike Lizotte, Steve Ackley, Jim Kremer, Dale Kiefer, John Cullen, and an anonymous reviewer for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. We are also grateful to Dale Robinson and Mike Lizotte for helpful insights during the formulation of this model. We are particularly appreciative of the manner in which Susan Kilham handled all facets of the publication of this manuscript.

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“…Given U 10 from a meteorological station and N 2 from in situ CTD data at a given time, only t must be set in order to obtain a value for Z t . Here we choose to evaluate Z t for two time intervals, namely t 5 3 h, corresponding to the highest frequency for which wind data are available, and t 5 24 h, which is among the highest doubling rates measured for Antarctic phytoplankton (Spies 1987). We believe these two values give a conservative estimate of Z t given the high degree of uncertainty.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the phytoplankton bloom in coastal waters of southern King George Island (Antarctica) in January 2010: An exceptional feature?

Schloss

Wasiłowska

Dumont

et al. 2014

Limnology & Oceanography

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Since the early 1990s, phytoplankton has been studied and monitored in Potter Cove (PC) and Admiralty Bay (AB), King George/25 de Mayo Island (KGI), South Shetlands. Phytoplankton biomass is typically low compared to other Antarctic shelf environments, with average spring-summer values below 1 mg chlorophyll a (Chl a) m 23 . The physical conditions in the area (reduced irradiance induced by particles originated from the land, intense winds) limit the coastal productivity at KGI, as a result of shallow Sverdrup's critical depths (Z c ) and large turbulent mixing depths (Z t ). In January 2010 a large phytoplankton bloom with a maximum of around 20 mg Chl a m 23 , and monthly averages of 4 (PC) and 6 (AB) mg Chl a m 23 , was observed in the area, making it by far the largest recorded bloom over the last 20 yr. Dominant phytoplankton species were the typical bloom-forming diatoms that are usually found in the western Antarctic Peninsula area. Anomalously cold air temperature and dominant winds from the eastern sector seem to explain adequate light : mixing environment. Local physical conditions were analyzed by means of the relationship between Z c and Z t , and conditions were found adequate for allowing phytoplankton development. However, a multiyear analysis indicates that these conditions may be necessary but not sufficient to guarantee phytoplankton accumulation. The relation between maximum Chl a values and air temperature suggests that bottom-up control would render such large blooms even less frequent in KGI under the warmer climate expected in the area during the second half of the present century.

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Growth rates of Antarctic marine phytoplankton in the Weddell Sea

Cited by 47 publications

References 13 publications

Maximal growth rates of Antarctic phytoplankton: Only weak dependence on cell size

Maximal growth rates of Antarctic phytoplankton: Only weak dependence on cell size

A high resolution bio-optical model of microalgal growth: Tests using sea-ice algal community time-series data

On the phytoplankton bloom in coastal waters of southern King George Island (Antarctica) in January 2010: An exceptional feature?

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