Growth reduction in American sycamore (Plantanus occidentalis L.) caused by PbCd interaction

Interactive Effects of Cadmium, Copper and Nickel on the Growth of Sitka Spruce and Studies of Metal Uptake From Nutrient Solutions

“…Therefore the results presented in tbis study are in broad agreement with tbis concept. Carlson & Bazzaz (1977) studied tbe interactive effects of Pb and Cu in two-year-old American sycamore {Platanus occidentalis L.) and reported synergistic reductions in several growth parameters, indicating tbat more mature trees may also be affected by contaminating metals.…”

“…Tbese interactive effects migbt be antagonistic, independent, additive, or synergistic in nature (Davis & Beckett 1978). Such effects are widespread in animals (Underwood 1977), and from the little work that has been carried out in plants, and on trees specifically (Carlson & Bazzaz, 1977), there would seem to be no reason to suggest that they are less widespread or complex in tbe plant kingdom.…”

Toxicological Benchmarks for Screening Potential Contaminants of Concern for Effects on Terrestrial Plants

“…Cadmium at 20 ppm 2 reduced tree weight by 28%, while 10 ppm had no effect. Carlson and Bazzaz (1977) measured root, woody stem, green stem and foliage weights, and main stem diameter of 2 to 3-year old American sycamore (Plantanus occidentalis L.) saplings associated [3][4][5][6][7][8] with 90 days of exposure to Cd as CdCl added to a silty clay loam soil. The lowest concentration tested 2 (5 ppm Cd) was responsible for a 30% reduction in leaf weight.…”

Remedial investigation/feasibility study of the Clinch River/Poplar Creek Operable Unit. Volume 3. Risk assessment information. Appendixes E, F

“…Cadmium at 20 ppm reduced tree weight by 28%, while 10 ppm had no effect. Carlson and Bazzaz (1977) measured root, woody stem, green stem and foliage weights, and main stem diameter of 2 to 3-year old American sycamore saplings associated with 90 days exposure to Cd as CdCL&ied to a silty clay loam soil. The lowest concentration tested (5 ppm Cd) was responsible for a 30% reduction in leafweight.…”