Growth response and toxin concentration of cultured Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum to varying salinity and temperature conditions

Gedaria, A.I.; Luckas, Bernd; Reinhardt, Katrin; Azanza, Rhodora V.

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.04.021

Cited by 42 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…compressum is capable of growth at higher temperatures (37°C) as reported by Blackburn & Oshima (1989). Gedaria et al (2007) also reported that an isolate of the same species of Pyrodinium from Bamban Bay, Zambales, Philippines was able to grow at temperatures as high as 36°C (after gradual acclimatization) but with decreased cell division rate. Sea surface temperatures in some areas where blooms have been observed in the Philippines ranged from 18-31ºC, which varied with monsoons (Villanoy et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Development, morphological characteristics and viability of temporary cysts ofPyrodinium bahamensevar.compressum(Dinophyceae)in vitro

Onda¹,

Lluisma²,

Azanza³

2014

European Journal of Phycology

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Pellicle or temporary cysts of Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum (Böhm) Steidinger, Tester & F.J.R. Taylor and their role in bloom dynamics have not yet been adequately characterized and understood. We investigated the role of temperature-and nutrient-mediated stress as factors that could induce pellicle formation in batch cultures. Cellular features and their implications for temporary cyst viability were examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Our data suggest that temperature change is one of the key factors influencing pellicle formation, preserving viability at low temperature (i.e. 13°C). Hypnocysts (resting cysts) were not observed. During pellicle formation, motile cells generally undergo ecdysis, extrusion of cytoplasmic materials and bacteria, compaction of the nucleus and non-motility. The outermost covering of the temporary cysts shows red autofluorescence and it contains lower concentrations of chlorophyll (chl) a and no detectable chl c. The nuclear region is surrounded by transitional red bodies and other unidentified cellular structures. Temporary cysts can immediately revert back to the motile state upon exposure to optimum conditions. This is accompanied by the expansion of the nuclear region, regeneration of the chloroplasts and enlargement of the cell. Developmental changes during reversal of temporary cysts to motile forms were also observed to cause breaks in the cell covering that could serve as sites for bacterial entry. Though observed in vitro, such behaviour may also be occurring in nature especially as a response to drastic short-lived environmental changes. This is the first detailed report on the characteristics of temporary cysts of P. bahamense var. compressum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Development, morphological characteristics and viability of temporary cysts ofPyrodinium bahamensevar.compressum(Dinophyceae)in vitro

Onda¹,

Lluisma²,

Azanza³

2014

European Journal of Phycology

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“…In general changes in toxin content are associated with stress caused under disturbed physiology (Johansson and Grané li, 1999;Grané li and Flynn, 2006) by several factors such as pH (Hwang and Lu, 2000), temperature (Ogata et al, 1989;Ashton et al, 2003), salinity (Parkhill and Cembella, 1999;Gedaria et al, 2007), illumination (Hwang and Lu, 2000), and nutrient deficiency (Grané li and Johansson, 2003b).…”

Section: Effects Of Temperature On the Toxicity Of O Ovatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Can increases in temperature stimulate blooms of the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis ovata?

et al. 2011

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“…These rates are comparable to another P. bahamense var. compressum clone originating from the same site in the Philippines, PBC-MZ-061,593, whose growth rate (k) ranged from 0.2 to 0.3 div d −1 (Gedaria et al 2007). An isolate from Sabah, Malaysia had a faster growth rate (k) of 0.3-0.4 div d −1 (Usup et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum and associated cultivable bacteria to antibiotic treatment

Santos

Azanza

2011

J Appl Phycol

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Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum is a toxic dinoflagellate that produces paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. It is responsible for the chronic toxicity of shellfish in many coastal areas of the Philippines and other South East Asian countries. For the purpose of using antibiotic treatment to possibly generate axenic cultures and understand their growth requirements, the antibiotic tolerances of two local P. bahamense var. compressum isolates and their associated bacteria were determined. The antibacterial compounds ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, neomycin, penicillin G, and streptomycin were tested, as well as two antifungals, amphotericin B, and nystatin. All except chloramphenicol, amphotericin B, and nystatin were generally well-tolerated. An antibiotic mixture composed of ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, neomycin, and streptomycin completely inhibited the cultivable bacteria associated with P. bahamense var. compressum MZRVA, although epifluorescence microscopy revealed that residual bacteria were still present. From long-term tests with this antibiotic mix, it was observed that survival of isolate MZRVA post-antibiotic treatment appeared to be associated with re-growth of heterotrophic bacteria and that excess vitamins could potentially enhance dinoflagellate survival. These results suggest that the associated heterotrophic bacterial populations help support the growth of P.bahamense var. compressum MZRVA in culture and possibly in nature. This is the first report on the growth responses of P. bahamense var. compressum and associated cultivable bacteria to a variety of single and combinations of antibiotics.

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Growth response and toxin concentration of cultured Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum to varying salinity and temperature conditions

Cited by 42 publications

References 25 publications

Development, morphological characteristics and viability of temporary cysts ofPyrodinium bahamensevar.compressum(Dinophyceae)in vitro

Development, morphological characteristics and viability of temporary cysts ofPyrodinium bahamensevar.compressum(Dinophyceae)in vitro

Can increases in temperature stimulate blooms of the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis ovata?

Responses of Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum and associated cultivable bacteria to antibiotic treatment

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