Growth Response of<i>Melaleuca cajuputi</i>to Flooding in a Tropical Peat Swamp

Yamanoshita, Takashi; Nuyim, Tanit; Masumori, Masaya; Tange, Takeshi; Kojima, Kôhei; Yagi, Hironori; Sasaki, Satoshi

doi:10.1007/bf02767096

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The high flooding tolerance of this species is one reason why pure M. cajuputi forests form in peat swamps. The ability of seedlings to adapt to submergence is an important factor in their survival, because the current year seedlings are submerged for a considerable period (Yamanoshita 2001). Because M. cajuputi seeds are small (about 0.03 mg in dry weight) it seems unlikely that the seedlings have sufficient reserve carbohydrates to survive for more than 3 months underwater without the ability to photosynthesize and accumulate photosynthates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The seedlings subsequently grow rapidly as groundwater levels decrease after the rainy season, and they may reach heights greater than 1 m within 1 year after germination; as a result, they rarely suffer from complete submergence during subsequent rainy seasons. Melaleuca cajuputi seedlings develop adventitious roots that are connected to the aboveground portion of the stem above the water through aerenchyma in response to flooding, which permits aerobic respiration for roots below the water (Yamanoshita 2001;Yamanoshita et al 2005). The high flooding tolerance of this species is one reason why pure M. cajuputi forests form in peat swamps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tropical peat swamps of southern Thailand may alternate between these extremes because of high variability in soil water conditions due to high rainfall seasonality. At these sites, the groundwater level may range from deeper than 2 m below the peat soil surface during the dry season to higher than 1 m above the surface during the rainy season (Yamanoshita et al 2001). The flooding can last for 3 months or more (Yamanoshita et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seed dispersal of M. cajuputi is induced by field fire during the dry season, the seeds germinate immediately at the moist condition by increase in rainfall, and the seedlings can survive submergence for 3 months or more during the rainy season (Yamanoshita 2001). The seedlings subsequently grow rapidly as groundwater levels decrease after the rainy season, and they may reach heights greater than 1 m within 1 year after germination; as a result, they rarely suffer from complete submergence during subsequent rainy seasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and anatomical changes of Melaleuca cajuputi under submergence

Tanaka

Masumori

Yamanoshita

et al. 2011

Trees

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Melaleuca cajuputi is a woody plant of the Myrtaceae which is a dominant species in tropical peat swamps in southern Thailand, where the groundwater level fluctuates greatly. Although the current year seedlings are likely submerged, their adaptive responses have never been studied. The objective of the present study was to examine their responses to submergence, and especially their morphological and anatomical changes. Not only did the seedlings of M. cajuputi survive submergence for 56 days, but they could also increase their dry weight, shoot length, and leaf number during submergence. These growth responses to submergence indicate that the seedlings of M. cajuputi could make photosynthetic production under water. The leaves that developed under water were heterophyllous ''aquatic leaves'' that appear to represent adaptations to improve the uptake of gases from the water. Intercellular spaces in the stems and leaves were more strongly developed in the submerged seedlings than in nonsubmerged seedlings with the shoot and leaves in the air. The intercellular spaces appear to be schizogenous aerenchyma that facilitates gas exchange. The growth responses and anatomical responses in stems and leaves to submergence, which were found in M. cajuputi, are commonly known in herbaceous plants with amphibious characteristics, but had not been reported in woody plants. And our results suggest that M. cajuputi adapts to submergence similarly to other amphibious plants, thereby ensuring continuing biomass production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and anatomical changes of Melaleuca cajuputi under submergence

Tanaka

Masumori

Yamanoshita

et al. 2011

Trees

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“…(Tanaka et al, 2011); 100 % of 12 month old Melaleuca alternifolia seedlings can be alive 100 % after 6 months (Jing et al, 2009)]. On the other hand, in natural conditions in Thailand, Melaleuca cajuputi seedlings can remain alive, and still grow, during floods 30 to 50 cm in depth lasting nine months (Yamanoshita et al, 2001). This suggests that in nature plants can adapt to unstable conditions than in experimental conditions and this is a key characteristic of some Melaleuca species to mitigate and adapt to climate change.…”

Section: Resistance To Flood and Drought Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the carbon stocks of Melaleuca forests in the coastal regions of Southern Vietnam and South East Queensland Australia

Tran¹

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The genus Melaleuca consists of around 260 species. The genus dominates forests that cover more than six million hectares of land globally. Most of that forest occurs in Australia, but there are also smaller areas in countries in South-East Asia and the Caribbean region, and the southern United States of America. Melaleuca forests predominantly occur in wetland and coastal ecosystems and as a result are substantially exposed to the influences of climate change and human development, particularly in regards to impacts on hydrological and soil systems. Like other wetland forest ecosystems, a large amount of carbon is stored in the biomass and soil components of Melaleuca forests. However, up until now very little research has been published on the extent and nature of those carbon stocks. This thesis addresses this gap in the research literature and presents the results of a study that involved collecting data on the carbon stocks of various Melaleuca forests in Australia and Vietnam.A variety of widely recognised data collection methods were used to collect data on the carbon Carbon stock densities of VS1, VS2, VS3, VS4, and VS5 were found to be 275.98 tC/ha, 159.36 tC/ha, 784.68 tC/ha, 544.28 tC/ha, and 246.96 tC/ha, respectively. Carbon stock densities of A1, A2, A3, and A4 were found to be 381.59 tC/ha, 278.40 tC/ha, 210.36 tC/ha, and 241.72 tC/ha, respectively. In Australia, carbon accumulation in forest litter in wet conditions (A1) was likely to be 6.5 times higher than those in drained and drier conditions (A2). The total carbon stock densities in Melaleuca forests in the wildfire conditions were found to be lost around 45 % of those in primary forests under wetter conditions. Furthermore, the exchangeable sodium percentage of Melaleuca forests in Vietnam on sandy soil (VS1 and VS2) showed high sodicity, while those on clay soils (VS3, VS4, and VS5) varied from low to moderate sodicity.ii The results of this thesis also show that: (1) the carbon stock densities of Melaleuca forests in Australia are much greater than previously thought and substantially higher than current estimates used in Australia's national carbon accounting systems; (2) the carbon stock densities of Melaleuca forests on peat lands in Vietnam are large compared to many other forest types around the world; (3) and that Melaleuca forests on sandy soils in Vietnam are tolerant of highly sodic conditions, an important feature considering how climate change and human development in the region is impacting on local hydrological and soil systems. In these regards, the results of this thesis provide important information for the future sustainable management of Melaleuca forests in both Australia and Vietnam, particularly in regards to emerging forest carbon conservation and management initiatives.iii Declaration by author Publications included in this thesisThis thesis includes four jointly authored published articles, as follows: two published papers and two jointly authored works that have been submitted for peer review. These paper...

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Can Exclusion of Feral Ecosystem Engineers Improve Coastal Floodplain Resilience to Climate Change? Insight from a Case Study in North East Arnhem Land, Australia

Sloane,

Ens,

Wunungmurra

et al. 2024

Environmental Management

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Global climate change can interact with local drivers, such as ecosystem engineers, to exacerbate changes in ecosystem structure and function, with socio-ecological consequences. For regions of Indigenous interest, there may also be cultural consequences if species and areas affected are culturally significant. Here we describe a participatory approach between the Indigenous (Yolngu) Yirralka Rangers and non-Indigenous researchers that explored the interaction between sea level rise and feral ungulate ecosystem engineers on culturally significant floodplains in the Laynhapuy Indigenous Protected Area (IPA), northern Australia. A feral ungulate exclusion fence array (12 fenced and 12 unfenced plots) was stratified by elevation/salinity to disentangle the effects of salinity and ungulates on floodplain soil and vegetation. We found that exclusion of feral ungulates improved ground cover vegetation, which, according to our literature-derived ecosystem process model, may enhance soil trapping and reduce evapotranspiration to provide the antecedent conditions needed to improve floodplain resilience to sea level rise. The mid-zone of the supratidal floodplain study site was suggested as the region where the benefits of fencing were most pronounced after two years and ground cover species diversity was highest. Ongoing monitoring is required to investigate whether removal of feral ungulates can increase resilience against sea level rise and recruitment of eco-culturally significant Melaleuca species. An interview with a key Yolngu Traditional Owner of the study site demonstrated the importance and effectiveness of the partnership. Yolngu land owners and rangers were active co-researchers and will decide if, when and how to integrate results into feral ungulate management and climate adaptation responses, highlighting the importance of industry-university partnerships in maximising biocultural conservation outcomes.

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Growth Response ofMelaleuca cajuputito Flooding in a Tropical Peat Swamp

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Morphological and anatomical changes of Melaleuca cajuputi under submergence

Morphological and anatomical changes of Melaleuca cajuputi under submergence

A study of the carbon stocks of Melaleuca forests in the coastal regions of Southern Vietnam and South East Queensland Australia

Can Exclusion of Feral Ecosystem Engineers Improve Coastal Floodplain Resilience to Climate Change? Insight from a Case Study in North East Arnhem Land, Australia

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