Growth responses of Polytrichum commune and Hylocomium splendens to simulated environmental change in the sub‐arctic

Potter, Jacqueline; Press, M. C.; Callaghan, Terry V.; Lee, J. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb03089.x

Cited by 83 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although several reports have been published showing that increased N availability causes species replacement in various ecosystems (Berendse & Aerts 1984;Dirkse & Van Dobben 1989;Kellner & Mårshagen 1991;Thimonier et al 1992;Nohlgren & Nohrstedt 1995;Potter et al 1995), the mechanisms behind this process remain rather unclear. In this study we have focused on three processes of central importance for plant performance following shortly after increased access to N and found changes in plant N uptake, N accumulation and damage by natural enemies, but no effects on biomass production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Berendse & Aerts 1984;Dirkse & Van Dobben 1989;Kellner & Mårshagen 1991;Thimonier, Dupouey & Timbal 1992;Nohlgren & Nohrstedt 1995;Potter et al 1995). In several studied ecosystems, the biomass of graminoids has been found to increase in response to raised availability of N, while that of ericaceous shrubs has remained unchanged or decreased (Berdowski & Zeilinga 1987;Aerts, Boot & Van der Aart 1991;Rosén et al 1992;Kellner 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of simulated N deposition on understorey vegetation of a boreal coniferous forest

1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary 1.We report the short-term effects of simulated nitrogen (N) deposition on the understorey of a boreal forest in northern Sweden. Doses of 15 N double-labelled NH 4 NO 3 (0·5, 12·5, 25·0 and 50·0 kg N ha -1 ) were applied to 1 m 2 plots in the summer of 1995 and plants were harvested the following autumn. 2. No significant treatment effects were found in either above-or below-ground biomass which was distributed as follows: the ericaceous shrub Vaccinium myrtillus contributed 76%, the grass Deschampsia flexuosa 4%, and the bryophytes Dicranum majus and Pleurozium schreberi 20%. 3. The recovery of applied N in these species was 24, 27, 27 and 32% of the 0·5, 12·5, 25·0 and 50·0 kg N ha -1 applications, respectively, and thus the recovery increased with the N dose. 4. In the 0·5 kg N ha -1 treated plots, the highest concentrations of fertilizer-derived 15 N were found in the bryophytes, while in plots given the three higher N applications, leaves of D. flexuosa had the highest concentrations. 5. N application resulted in elevated concentrations of free amino acid N, which indicate increased storage of N in plant tissues. Furthermore, the N application resulted in increased damage to V. myrtillus by natural enemies. The severity of disease caused by two foliar parasitic fungi showed a clear numerical response to N treatment, as did the amount of herbivory as a result of Lepidoptera larvae. Key-words: Free amino acids, parasitic fungi and herbivore damage, nitrogen uptakeFunctional Ecology (1998) 12, 691-699 691 Shaver & Kedrowski 1986;Lähdesmäki et al. 1990;Baxter, Emes & Lee 1992;Näsholm et al. 1994;Ohlson, Nordin & Näsholm 1995). Thus, it can be predicted that changes in the N supply will lead to changed interactions between plants, parasitic fungi and herbivorous insects (de Nooij, Biere & Linders 1992;Hatcher 1995). Predictions of how elevated N supply will affect species composition and community structure in a specific ecosystem therefore must include considerations of plant-herbivore and plant-fungus interactions.As a contribution to the discussion concerning critical loads for N in boreal coniferous forests, we have established a field experiment in northern Sweden, where the background deposition of N is low. Thus, both short-and long-term responses to elevated N availability can be studied. Although species replacement has been reported in several studies, little is known about the processes which precede changes in species composition of boreal understorey vegetation. We here describe the initial effects of simulated N deposition, in the range that ambient N deposition occurs in southern Sweden (Lövblad et al. 1992), on plant N uptake, plant biochemistry, and both plant-herbivore and plant-parasitic fungus interactions. Materials and methods STUDY SITEThe experiment was conducted within the Svartberget Research Forest (64°14 'N, 19°46 'E) in northern Sweden, 60 km north-west of Umeå. The area is located in the middle boreal zone (Ahti, Hämet-Ahti & Jalas 1968). The background deposition of N in t...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of simulated N deposition on understorey vegetation of a boreal coniferous forest

1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Rather, no significant difference of N uptake across three chemical forms by bryophytes might indicate that bryophytes adapted to scarcity of available N in alpine ecosystem. Furthermore, since many ecosystems are experiencing increased anthropogenic atmospheric N deposition (Vitousek et al 1997), absorption of soil N by widespread bryophytes may have consequences for their ability to tolerate N pollution and potentially species specific negative impacts (Potter et al 1995;Nilsson et al 2002;Zvereva and Kozlov 2011), which will have some cascade effects upon alpine ecosystems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and recovery of soil nitrogen by bryophytes and vascular plants in an alpine meadow

Wang

Shi

et al. 2014

J. Mt. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to their particular physiology and life history traits, bryophytes are critical in regulating biogeochemical cycles and functions in alpine ecosystem. Hence, it is crucial to investigate their nutrient utilization strategies in comparison with vascular plants and understand their responses to the variation of growing season caused by climate change. Firstly, this study testified whether or not bryophytes can absorb nitrogen (N) directly from soil through spiking three chemical forms of 15N stable isotope tracer.Secondly, with stronger ability of carbohydrates assimilation and photosynthesis, it is supposed that N utilization efficiency of vascular plants is significantly higher than that of bryophytes. However, the recovery of soil N by bryophytes can still compete with vascular plants due to their greater phytomass. Thirdly, resource acquisition may be varied from the change of growing season, during which N pulse can be manipulated with 15N tracer addition at different time. Both of bryophytes and vascular plants contain more N in a longer growing season, and prefer inorganic over organic N. Bryophytes assimilate more NH4+ than NO3-and amino acid, which can be indicated from the greater shoot excess 15N of bryophytes. However, vascular plants prefer to absorb NO3-for their developed root systems and vascular tissue. Concerning the uptake of three forms N by bryophytes, there is significant difference between two manipulated lengths of growing season. Furthermore, the capacity of bryophytes to tolerate N-pollution may be lower than currently appreciated, which indicates the effect of climate change on asynchronous variation of soil N pools with plant requirements.

show abstract

“…The increases in shrubs in this area correspond to aerial photographic evidence of increases in shrub abundance in Alaska (20). However, the reports of new types of plants, and lichens in particular, contrast with experimental evidence that shows a decrease in lichens and some mosses when flowering plant biomass increases (21,22). A possible reason for this is that results from warming experiments cannot be extrapolated throughout the Arctic because of variations in recent and projected climate from cooling and warming (3).…”

Section: Plant Responses To Current Changes In Climatementioning

confidence: 84%

“…In the sub-Arctic, Graglia et al (42) showed that initial plant responses (abundance) to warming and other treatments persisted throughout a ten year period. Graminoids were particularly responsive to fertilizer additions in the sub-Arctic and their increased growth and litter production suppressed the growth of mosses and lichens (21,22,43,42). Evergreens were more responsive to nutrient addition and warming than deciduous species (34).…”

Section: Predicted Responses Of Plants To Future Changes In Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Responses to Projected Changes in Climate and UV-B at the Species Level

Callaghan¹,

Björn²,

Chernov³

et al. 2004

Ambio

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental manipulation experiments showed that species respond individualistically to each environmental-change variable. The greatest responses of plants were generally to nutrient, particularly nitrogen, addition. Summer warming experiments showed that woody plant responses were dominant and that mosses and lichens became less abundant. Responses to warming were controlled by moisture availability and snow cover. Many invertebrates increased population growth in response to summer warming, as long as desiccation was not induced. CO 2 and UV-B enrichment experiments showed that plant and animal responses were small. However, some microorganisms and species of fungi were sensitive to increased UV-B and some intensive mutagenic actions could, perhaps, lead to unexpected epidemic outbreaks. Tundra soil heating, CO 2 enrichment and amendment with mineral nutrients generally accelerated microbial activity. Algae are likely to dominate cyanobacteria in milder climates. Expected increases in winter freeze-thaw cycles leading to ice-crust formation are likely to severely reduce winter survival rate and disrupt the population dynamics of many terrestrial animals. A deeper snow cover is likely to restrict access to winter pastures by reindeer/caribou and their ability to flee from predators while any earlier onset of the snow-free period is likely to stimulate increased plant growth. Initial species responses to climate change might occur at the sub-species level: an Arctic plant or animal species with high genetic/racial diversity has proved an ability to adapt to different environmental conditions in the past and is likely to do so also in the future. Indigenous knowledge, air photographs, satellite images and monitoring show that changes in the distributions of some species are already occurring: Arctic vegetation is becoming more shrubby and more productive, there have been recent changes in the ranges of caribou, and "new" species of insects and birds previously associated with areas south of the treeline have been recorded. In contrast, almost all Arctic breeding bird species are declining and models predict further quite dramatic reductions of the populations of tundra birds due to warming. Species-climate response surface models predict potential future ranges of current Arctic species that are often markedly reduced and displaced northwards in response to warming. In contrast, invertebrates and microorganisms are very likely to quickly expand their ranges northwards into the Arctic.

show abstract

Growth responses of Polytrichum commune and Hylocomium splendens to simulated environmental change in the sub‐arctic

Cited by 83 publications

References 44 publications

Effects of simulated N deposition on understorey vegetation of a boreal coniferous forest

Effects of simulated N deposition on understorey vegetation of a boreal coniferous forest

Uptake and recovery of soil nitrogen by bryophytes and vascular plants in an alpine meadow

Responses to Projected Changes in Climate and UV-B at the Species Level

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About