Growth Responses of Trees to Arctic Light Environment

Taulavuori, Kari; Sarala, Marian; Taulavuori, Erja

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02167-1_6

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Firstly, Arctic summer days at latitudes of 66.6°N and higher consist of 24 h of sunlight, but during ''night hours'' the sun elevation is so low that the proportion of diffuse blue light (i.e. 400-500 nm) increases substantially (Taulavuori et al 2010). The northern ecotypes may thus have adapted to the increase in the proportion of blue light through producing anthocyanins.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reddish spring colouring of deciduous leaves: a sign of ecotype?

Taulavuori

Pihlajaniemi

Huttunen

et al. 2010

Trees

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Several deciduous woody plant species produce anthocyanins during leaf development in spring and again during leaf senescence in autumn. The leaves of Betula pendula Roth (silver birch) commonly exhibit transient reddening in juvenile leaves under northern growing conditions, with the intensity of the red colour varying among individual trees. The objective of our study was to test the hypothesis that the accumulation of foliar anthocyanins during spring in leaves of B. pendula is an ecotypic response. Chlorophyll fluorescence ratio (Fv/Fm), leaf reflectance and anthocyanin concentrations were measured, in relation to phenology in spring, summer and autumn from birches used for landscaping with either red or greenemergent leaves. The results suggest that (1) the trees with green-or red-emergent juvenile leaves represent different populations, and (2) that the red-emergent leaves senesced earlier, indicating that (3) trees with red-emerging leaves belong to a more northern ecotype than the trees with green-emerging leaves. The role of anthocyanin synthesis in a northern radiation environment is discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reddish spring colouring of deciduous leaves: a sign of ecotype?

Taulavuori

Pihlajaniemi

Huttunen

et al. 2010

Trees

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“…without a real expression of photoperiodism (Taulavuori et al 2009). It is speculated that they need a higher intensity of the red and far red wavelength light for inducing growth cessation and bud formation and they monitor these intensities as an alternative to measuring the duration of the daily period of darkness (Puhakainen et al 2004;Taulavuori et al 2009). Red/far red light ratios control the phytochrome-dependent signalling pathway of physiological functions depending on photoperiod.…”

Section: And Responses Of Membranes Including Thylakoids Of Chloroplamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the molecular level of signalling photoperiod input is via the phytochrome system (Olsen and Junttila 2002;Mølmann et al 2006;Taulavuori et al 2009). It then feeds into the CO/FT regulatory module (CO = CONSTANS, FT = FLOWERING LOCUS T, a floral integrator gene).…”

Section: And Responses Of Membranes Including Thylakoids Of Chloroplamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal and annual rhythms in trees

Lüttge

Hertel

2009

Trees

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Trees, perennial phanerophytes, display a rich variety of rhythmic phenomena. These are either due to exclusive environmental entrainment or due to the functioning of endogenous oscillators independent of the environment. Both types of rhythms are covered in this review. Purely environment controlled rhythms may be considered as a prelude to endogenous rhythms. Environment controlled rhythms discussed are (i) the diurnal rhythms of nyctinastic and heliotropic leaf movements and oscillatory phenomena of photosynthesis, such as the midday depression and Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), and (ii) the annual rhythms of annual growth ring formation, autumnal leaf senescence, over wintering mechanisms and flowering. Among the diurnal rhythms, nyctinastic movements and CAM are also free-running endogenous rhythms showing the operation of circadian clocks in trees. In leaf senescence, over wintering, and flowering control, photoperiod sensing is involved which suggests the participation of endogenous clocks. A question asked is if diurnal and annual rhythms are mechanistically correlated. Evidently, phenological phenomena based on photoperiodism (as dependent on measurement of night length) are co-ordinately regulated by the phytochrome system and the circadian clocks and many aspects of annual developments and over wintering are linked to photoperiodism. The existence in trees of circadian clock genes as known to be anchored in the genome of A. thaliana can be assessed by attempts of alignment with the sequenced genome of Populus or by isolating cDNA clones from trees to check them against the genome of A. thaliana. At extreme latitudes near the equator and north of the polar circle trees also display photoperiod-independent phenological phenomena. In the polar region, total irradiance of red and far red light could possibly be involved and the signalling pathway then involves phytochrome, and thus, may still be similar to that of photoperiodism. At the equator, total daily light irradiance received or sensing the dynamics of daily changes in solar irradiance are essential and it remains enigmatic whether signalling cascades are either attached to the circadian clocks in a still unknown way or totally independent of circadian clocks.

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“…Even if the northward range expansion of climate change migrants is ultimately set in motion by warming conditions (Parmesan & Yohe, ), continued expansion may require evolution in response to other environmental variables experienced in the expanded range. For example, day length, light quality, and seasonal variation in climate all change markedly with latitude (Saikkonen et al., ; Taulavuori, Sarala, & Taulavuori, ), and may present range expanding populations with conditions not experienced within their historic range. Consequently, the cues used by many plant and animal species to time key events in their life cycle may no longer match the temperature conditions optimal for life cycle transitions (Visser, ), and populations may be maladapted to the environment of the expanded range, limiting further range expansion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid evolution of phenology during range expansion with recent climate change

Lustenhouwer

Wilschut

Williams

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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Although climate warming is expected to make habitat beyond species' current cold range edge suitable for future colonization, this new habitat may present an array of biotic or abiotic conditions not experienced within the current range. Species' ability to shift their range with climate change may therefore depend on how populations evolve in response to such novel environmental conditions. However, due to the recent nature of thus far observed range expansions, the role of rapid adaptation during climate change migration is only beginning to be understood. Here, we evaluated evolution during the recent native range expansion of the annual plant Dittrichia graveolens, which is spreading northward in Europe from the Mediterranean region. We examined genetically based differentiation between core and edge populations in their phenology, a trait that is likely under selection with shorter growing seasons and greater seasonality at northern latitudes. In parallel common garden experiments at range edges in Switzerland and the Netherlands, we grew plants from Dutch, Swiss, and central and southern French populations. Population genetic analysis following RAD-sequencing of these populations supported the hypothesized central France origins of the Swiss and Dutch range edge populations. We found that in both common gardens, northern plants flowered up to 4 weeks earlier than southern plants. This differentiation in phenology extended from the core of the range to the Netherlands, a region only reached from central France over approximately the last 50 years. Fitness decreased as plants flowered later, supporting the hypothesized benefits of earlier flowering at the range edge. Our results suggest that native range expanding populations can rapidly adapt to novel environmental conditions in the expanded range, potentially promoting their ability to spread.

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Growth Responses of Trees to Arctic Light Environment

Cited by 28 publications

References 37 publications

Reddish spring colouring of deciduous leaves: a sign of ecotype?

Reddish spring colouring of deciduous leaves: a sign of ecotype?

Diurnal and annual rhythms in trees

Rapid evolution of phenology during range expansion with recent climate change

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