Growth, spectroscopy properties and laser operation of a novel single crystal fiber: Nd3+-doped CaY0.9Gd0.1AlO4

Optimal Doping Concentrations of Nd3+ Ions in CYGA Laser Crystals

“…There is a clear spectral overlap at around 900 nm, as depicted in Figure 4b, which is attributed to the excited migration process resulting from the interaction of Nd 3+ with 4 F 3/2 and 4 I 9/2 energy levels. According to the spectral overlap model, C DD = 75.75 × 10 −40 cm 6 s −1 was calculated with Equation (15).…”

“…Crystals doped with rare earth ions and exhibiting a combination of active (laser) and nonlinear properties ("active-nonlinear" crystals) have been investigated intensively during the last decade [7][8][9][10]. Earlier studies show Nd 3+ concentrations greater than 1 at.% result in self-quenching in the fluorescence lifetime, a reduction in fluorescence intensity, and steep increment in threshold [11][12][13][14][15][16]. When increasing the active impurity concentration of laser crystals to search for high efficiency fluorescence emission, several processes such as concentration quenching of the luminescence and cross-relaxation of the active impurity Crystals 2024, 14, 168 2 of 11 may arise.…”