Growth, wood chemistry, and fibre length of Norway spruce in a long-term nutrient optimization experiment

Kaakinen, Seija; Piispanen, Riikka; Lehto, Satu LehtoS.; Metsometsä, Johanna MetsometsäJ.; Nilsson, Urban; Saranpää, Pekka; Linder, Sune; Vapaavuori, Elina

doi:10.1139/x08-180

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Several authors mention the extractives amount of spruce bark from 23.5% to 28.3%, depending on the part of bark (inner bark from 17.3 to 38.7%, outer from 19.1 to 43.3%) [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. The extractives content of the wood part is between 1% and 4.5% [ 24 , 25 ], while there is a difference between sapwood, values from 1.7% to 2.7% and heartwood, from 1.1% to 1.8% [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Morphological Composition of Norway Spruce Wood (Picea abies, L.) in the Dependence of Its Storage

et al. 2021

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Chemical composition and morphological properties of Norway spruce wood and bark were evaluated. The extractives, cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin contents were determined by wet chemistry methods. The dimensional characteristics of the fibers (length and width) were measured by Fiber Tester. The results of the chemical analysis of wood and bark show the differences between the trunk and top part, as well as in the different heights of the trunk and in the cross section of the trunk. The biggest changes were noticed between bark trunk and bark top. The bark top contains 10% more of extractives and 9.5% less of lignin. Fiber length and width depends on the part of the tree, while the average of these properties are larger depending on height. Both wood and bark from the trunk contains a higher content of fines (fibers <0.3 mm) and less content of longer fibers (>0.5 mm) compared to the top. During storage, it reached a decrease of extractives mainly in bark. Wood from the trunk retained very good durability in terms of chemical composition during the storage. In view of the morphological characteristics, it occurred to decrease both average fibers length and width in wood and bark.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Morphological Composition of Norway Spruce Wood (Picea abies, L.) in the Dependence of Its Storage

et al. 2021

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“…We note that a 50% whole tree C content is realistic because our own measurement of% C in roots and needles always fell within the range of 50 ±1% C (data not presented), and that C content of P. abies wood in northern Sweden (not measured in this study) has also been shown to vary within a range of 50 ± 1% in response to N fertilization (e.g. Iivonen et al ., ; Kaakinen et al ., ). Once tree biomass C was estimated for each of the 3 years (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition in boreal forests has a minor impact on the global carbon cycle

Gundale

From

Bach

et al. 2013

Global Change Biology

110

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It is proposed that increases in anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (Nr ) deposition may cause temperate and boreal forests to sequester a globally significant quantity of carbon (C); however, long-term data from boreal forests describing how C sequestration responds to realistic levels of chronic Nr deposition are scarce. Using a long-term (14-year) stand-scale (0.1 ha) N addition experiment (three levels: 0, 12.5, and 50 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) ) in the boreal zone of northern Sweden, we evaluated how chronic N additions altered N uptake and biomass of understory communities, and whether changes in understory communities explained N uptake and C sequestration by trees. We hypothesized that understory communities (i.e. mosses and shrubs) serve as important sinks for low-level N additions, with the strength of these sinks weakening as chronic N addition rates increase, due to shifts in species composition. We further hypothesized that trees would exhibit nonlinear increases in N acquisition, and subsequent C sequestration as N addition rates increased, due to a weakening understory N sink. Our data showed that understory biomass was reduced by 50% in response to the high N addition treatment, mainly due to reduced moss biomass. A (15) N labeling experiment showed that feather mosses acquired the largest fraction of applied label, with this fraction decreasing as the chronic N addition level increased. Contrary to our hypothesis, the proportion of label taken up by trees was equal (ca. 8%) across all three N addition treatments. The relationship between N addition and C sequestration in all vegetation pools combined was linear, and had a slope of 16 kg C kg(-1) N. While canopy retention of Nr deposition may cause C sequestration rates to be slightly different than this estimate, our data suggest that a minor quantity of annual anthropogenic CO2 emissions are sequestered into boreal forests as a result of Nr deposition.

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“…To estimate carbon in live biomass at t f ( B C ), leaf, stem, and root mass values for day 205 were multiplied by measured %C values for leaves (47%) or values from the literature for stems (48% [ Iivonen et al , 2006; Kaakinen et al , 2009; Kostiainen et al , 2009]) and fine roots (45% [ Iivonen et al , 2006; Jackson et al , 2009]). Construction costs of biomass ( R c ) were estimated as 1.5 g glucose g −1 dry mass [ Niinemets , 1997].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How well do stomatal conductance models perform on closing plant carbon budgets? A test using seedlings grown under current and elevated air temperatures

Oren¹,

Katul²

2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Future carbon and water fluxes within terrestrial ecosystems will be determined by how stomatal conductance (g s ) responds to rising atmospheric CO 2 and air temperatures. While both short-and long-term CO 2 effects on g s have been repeatedly studied, there are few studies on how g s acclimates to higher air temperatures. Six g s models were parameterized using leaf gas exchange data from black spruce (Picea mariana) seedlings grown from seed at ambient (22/16°C day/night) or elevated (30/24°C) air temperatures. Model performance was independently assessed by how well carbon gain from each model reproduced estimated carbon costs to close the seedlings' seasonal carbon budgets, a 'long-term' indicator of success. A model holding a constant intercellular to ambient CO 2 ratio and the Ball-Berry model (based on stomatal responses to relative humidity) could not close the carbon balance for either treatment, while the Jarvis-Oren model (based on stomatal responses to vapor pressure deficit, D) and a model assuming a constant g s each closed the carbon balance for one treatment. Two models, both based on g s responses to D, performed best overall, estimating carbon uptake within 10% of carbon costs for both treatments: the Leuning model and a linear optimization model that maximizes carbon gain per unit water loss. Since g s responses in the optimization model are not a priori assumed, this approach can be used in modeling land-atmosphere exchange of CO 2 and water in future climates.Citation: Way, D. A., R. Oren, H.-S. Kim, and G. G. Katul (2011), How well do stomatal conductance models perform on closing plant carbon budgets? A test using seedlings grown under current and elevated air temperatures,

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Growth, wood chemistry, and fibre length of Norway spruce in a long-term nutrient optimization experiment

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Chemical and Morphological Composition of Norway Spruce Wood (Picea abies, L.) in the Dependence of Its Storage

Chemical and Morphological Composition of Norway Spruce Wood (Picea abies, L.) in the Dependence of Its Storage

Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition in boreal forests has a minor impact on the global carbon cycle

How well do stomatal conductance models perform on closing plant carbon budgets? A test using seedlings grown under current and elevated air temperatures

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