Growth years and post-harvest processing methods have critical roles on the contents of medicinal active ingredients of Scutellaria baicalensis

Bai, Chen; Yang, Jingjing; Cao, Bo; Xue, Ying; Gao, Pufan; Liang, Hui; Li, Guishuang

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112985

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Scutellaria baicalensis , as a Chinese medicinal material, was traditionally used to treat lung and liver diseases in many Asian countries [ 40 ]. In recent years, Scutellariae Radix has been becoming one of the top ten sales of medicinal herbs in the Chinese medicine market because of its growing market demand every year and huge medicinal value [ 46 ]. R2R3-MYB proteins are involved in various plant biological processes including organ development processes, hormone synthesis and signal transduction, response to biotic and abiotic stresses, and primary and secondary metabolism, which were the main forms in all higher plants [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Analysis and Functional Characterization of R2R3-MYB Genes in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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R2R3-MYB transcription factors participate in multiple critical biological processes, particularly as relates to the regulation of secondary metabolites. The dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a traditional Chinese medicine and possesses various bioactive attributes including anti-inflammation, anti-HIV, and anti-COVID-19 properties due to its flavonoids. In the current study, a total of 95 R2R3-MYB genes were identified in S. baicalensis and classified into 34 subgroups, as supported by similar exon–intron structures and conserved motifs. Among them, 93 R2R3-SbMYBs were mapped onto nine chromosomes. Collinear analysis revealed that segmental duplications were primarily responsible for driving the evolution and expansion of the R2R3-SbMYB gene family. Synteny analyses showed that the ortholog numbers of the R2R3-MYB genes between S. baicalensis and other dicotyledons had a higher proportion compared to that which is found from the monocotyledons. RNA-seq data indicated that the expression patterns of R2R3-SbMYBs in different tissues were different. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that 36 R2R3-SbMYBs from different subgroups exhibited specific expression profiles under various conditions, including hormone stimuli treatments (methyl jasmonate and abscisic acid) and abiotic stresses (drought and cold shock treatments). Further investigation revealed that SbMYB18/32/46/60/70/74 localized in the nucleus, and SbMYB18/32/60/70 possessed transcriptional activation activity, implying their potential roles in the regulatory mechanisms of various biological processes. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the R2R3-SbMYBs gene family and lays the foundation for further investigation of their biological function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Analysis and Functional Characterization of R2R3-MYB Genes in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…However, not all secondary metabolite levels increase with the growth age of the plant. Bai et al (2020) studied the content of eight active ingredients in the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis from 1 to 15 years and found that the trend of the content of four major medicinal ingredients showed a “V” type. In other words, 2-, 3-, and 15-year old S. baicalensis have a higher content of medicinal components than 4- and 5-year old ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Transcriptome and Metabolome Provides New Insights to Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Dendrobium huoshanense

et al. 2022

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Dendrobium huoshanense is both a traditional herbal medicine and a plant of high ornamental and medicinal value. We used transcriptomics and metabolomics to investigate the effects of growth year on the secondary metabolites of D. huoshanense stems obtained from four different years of cultivation. In this study, a total of 428 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and 1802 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs and DAMs revealed significant differences in “Flavonoid biosynthesis”, “Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” and “Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis”. We summarize the biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids in D. huoshanense, providing new insights into the biosynthesis and regulation mechanisms of flavonoids in D. huoshanense. Additionally, we identified two candidate genes, FLS (LOC110107557) and F3’H (LOC110095936), which are highly involved in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, by WGCNA analysis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of growth year on secondarily metabolites in the plant and provide a theoretical basis for determining a reasonable harvesting period for D. huoshanense.

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“…Baicalein is not only derived from traditional medicinal plants like root of Scutellaria baicalensis ( Bai et al, 2020 ) , but also is from foods in daily life ( Jin et al, 2017 ). So it is easy for us to automatically and consciously uptake a certain amount of baicalein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mounting evidences showed wide pharmacological functions such as alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation ( Yan et al, 2020 ), suppression of cancer ( He et al, 2021 ), protection of liver injury ( Dai et al, 2021 ). According to the literature of Bai, C. et al, the annual yield of Scutellaria baicalensis is over 10,000 tons, and the content of baicalein was approximately 7 mg/g in the dry roots of 2-year-old Scutellaria baicalensis ( Bai et al, 2020 ) . It was also used as a food condiment in our daily life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Baicalein on the Pharmacokinetics of Cilostazol and Its Two Metabolites in Rat Plasma Using UPLC-MS/MS Method

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to explore the effect of baicalein on the pharmacokinetics of cilostazol (CLZ) and its two metabolites 3,4-dehydro cilostazol (3,4-CLZ) and 4′-trans-hydroxy cilostazol (4′-CLZ) in rats using a newly established ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. Ticagrelor was used as an internal standard (IS), then cilostazol and its two metabolites were separated by means of a UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) using gradient elution method with 0.4 ml/min of flow rate. Acetonitrile as organic phase and water with 0.1% formic acid as aqueous phase constructed the mobile phase. Selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode and positive ion mode were preferentially chosen to detect the analytes. Twelve SD rats were divided into two groups (n = 6) when CLZ was administered orally (10 mg/kg) with or without oral baicalein (80 mg/kg). The selectivity, linearity, recovery, accuracy, precision, matrix effect and stability of UPLC-MS/MS assay were satisfied with the standards of United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines. In control group, AUC0-∞ and Cmax of CLZ were 2,169.5 ± 363.1 ng/ml*h and 258.9 ± 82.6 ng/ml, respectively. The corresponding results were 3,767.6 ± 1,049.8 ng/ml*h and 308.6 ± 87.9 ng/ml for 3, 4-CLZ, 728.8 ± 189.9 ng/ml*h and 100.3 ± 51.3 ng/ml for 4′-CLZ, respectively. After combination with baicalein, AUC0-∞ and Cmax of CLZ were 1.48, 1.38 times higher than the controls. Additionally, AUC0-∞ and Cmax were separately decreased by 36.12 and 19.54% for 3,4-CLZ, 13.11 and 44.37% for 4′-CLZ. Baicalein obviously alters the pharmacokinetic parameters of CLZ, 3,4-CLZ and 4′-CLZ in rats. These results suggested that there was a potential drug-drug interaction between baicalein and CLZ. Therefore, it must raise the awareness when concomitant use of CLZ with baicalein, the dosage regimen of CLZ should be taken into consideration, if this result is confirmed in clinical studies.

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Growth years and post-harvest processing methods have critical roles on the contents of medicinal active ingredients of Scutellaria baicalensis

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 46 publications

References 68 publications

Systematic Analysis and Functional Characterization of R2R3-MYB Genes in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

Systematic Analysis and Functional Characterization of R2R3-MYB Genes in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

Integration of Transcriptome and Metabolome Provides New Insights to Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Dendrobium huoshanense

Effect of Baicalein on the Pharmacokinetics of Cilostazol and Its Two Metabolites in Rat Plasma Using UPLC-MS/MS Method

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