Growths of bubble/pore sizes in solid during solidification—an in situ measurement and analysis

Wei, P. S.; Huang, Chien-Er; Wang, Z.P.; Chen, K.Y.; Lin, Che-Hsin

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.06.039

Cited by 40 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…4(b). This trend agrees with the observed stages of the spherical growth and solidification rate-controlled elongation in the freezing of water-oxygen and water-carbon dioxide solutions at a relatively constant solidification rate (Wei et al 2004). A minimal bubble radius at contact angles of 90 0 can be produced from a decrease in gas pressure in the bubble, leading to an increase in bubble radius by satisfying Young-Laplace equation (Wei et al 2000).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…As degree of saturation was high, an increase in solidification rate resulted in the pore shapes to change from columnar pores, short columnar pores to few pores. Wei et al (2004) in-situ observed and measured pore shapes in ice during solidification of water containing oxygen and carbon dioxide gases. Pore formation was found to be divided into five regimes: (1) nucleation on the solidification front, (2) spherical growth, (3) solidification rate-controlled elongation, (4) disappearance of the bubbles, and (5) formation of the pores in solid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was also found that the pore shapes are strongly affected by not only solidification rate but also contact angle. Wei et al (2004) proposed simplified equations to predict the bubble shapes in solid during the periods of Peng-Sheng Wei and Shih-Yen Hsiao / American Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (2015) Vol. 2 No.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pore Formation from Bubble Entrapment by a Solidification Front

Wei¹,

Hsiao²

2015

AJHMT

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Mechanism of the pore shape in solid resulted from a tiny bubble captured by a solidification front is theoretically and generally investigated. Pore formation and its shape in solid are one of the most critical factors affecting properties, microstructure, and stresses in materials, and biosciences, global warming, etc. This work is an extension of the previous original work (Wei and Hsiao, 2012) to reveal additional mechanisms. For simplicity without loss of generality, the tiny bubble beyond the solidification front is considered to have a spherical cap, whose contact angle is identical to inclination angle of the pore at the solidification front. The contact angle of the bubble cap is thus governed by the Abel's equation of the first kind in terms of displacement of the solidification front. The controlling parameter is the bubble growth ratesolidification rate ratio. It is found that inclination angle of the pore in the upper region depends on the bubble growth rate-to-solidification rate ratio. Isolated pore cannot occur, provided that contact angle of the bubble cap cannot reach 90 0 . The predicted pore shape and contact angle agree with predictions and observations. Manipulating either bubble growth rate or solidification rate can control pore formation in solid.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pore Formation from Bubble Entrapment by a Solidification Front

Wei¹,

Hsiao²

2015

AJHMT

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“…As a result, researches have been conducted on the formation of porosity for almost half a century. Some transparent organic materials, such as water [91], cyclohexane [92], succinonitrile [93], and succinonitrile-dichlorobenzidine alloy [94], were used to study bubble nucleation, motion and couple growth during solidification. Compared to the ground-based experiments affected by gravity-driven bulk convection and buoyancy forces, the pore formation in microgravity (PFMI) experiments were conducted by Grugel [95] to learn how bubbles form and move inside molten succinonitrile loaded with excess nitrogen gas during controlled directional solidification aboard the International Space Station.…”

Section: Bubble Nucleation Motion and Growth During Solidificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solidification researches using transparent model materials — A review

Huang

Wang

2011

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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A review is given in the paper for solidification researches with transparent model materials. The effective experimental method was first proposed by Jackson and Hunt in 1965. The transparent model materials for solidification researches are a kind of non-faceted crystals known as "plastic crystals" or "globular molecules", which have very low entropy of melting as that of metals. According to Jackson's theory proposed in 1958, entropy of phase transformation will determine whether the phase interface morphology is smooth or rough in atomic scale, which will lead to faceted or nonfacted phase interface in microscopic and macroscopic scales. Succinonitrile (SCN) and its alloys with water, ethanol, acetone, and NH 4 Cl-H 2 O solution are most commonly used as transparent model materials for solidification researches of dendritic growth, anisotropy of solid-liquid interfacial energy, crystal nucleation, crystal grain formation, directional solidification, eutectic and peritectic solidification, solidification defects formation such as bubble, hot tearing, etc. Among these researches, the most impressive work was the critical test of dendritic growth theories with high purity succinonitrile by Glicksman et al., which gave positive answer to the Ivantsov's analysis and negative answer to the ad hoc condition of the maximum velocity hypothesis. The future researches with transparent model materials could be suggested in three aspects: 1) accurate measurement of material properties and alloy phase diagrams in more plastic crystals, especially to find more transparent eutectic and peritectic alloys; 2) accurate measurement of the grain boundary groove shape to obtain precise data of the anisotropy parameters of the interfacial free energy in transparent model materials; 3) to get clear pictures of solidification processes with morphology details in a relatively large area, with continuous movement of liquid and particles, in order to give experimental support to numerical simulations aimming at accurate description of microstructure formation during solidification of multicomponent alloys under complex conditions of real casting and welding processes. transparent model materials, solidification, plastic crystal, dendritic growth Citation:Huang W D, Wang L L. Solidification researches using transparent model materials -A review.

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“…Thus, model experiments were widely carried out using water-gas systems; the nucleation and growth of gas pores were directly observed in the curse of solidification. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Also in this work, we adapted a water-carbon dioxide model system with solubility gap of carbon dioxide between liquid and solid for direct observation. The pore formation and growth with the solution agitated by ultrasonic vibration were observed, and the influence of the agitation on pore morphology was examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Ultrasonic Agitation on Pore Formation and Growth during Unidirectional Solidification of Water-Carbon Dioxide Solution

Tane

Nakajima

2006

Mater. Trans.

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We studied the influence of agitation by ultrasonic vibration on pore formation and growth during the unidirectional solidification of watercarbon dioxide solution. The agitation of liquid affects the pore formation and growth, and the morphology of pores formed during solidification depends on the magnitude of agitation; the agitation of liquid during unidirectional solidification shortens the length of cylindrical pores in lotus metals. This is because the agitation decreases the concentration of carbon dioxide near the solid-liquid interface.

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Growths of bubble/pore sizes in solid during solidification—an in situ measurement and analysis

Cited by 40 publications

References 24 publications

Pore Formation from Bubble Entrapment by a Solidification Front

Pore Formation from Bubble Entrapment by a Solidification Front

Solidification researches using transparent model materials — A review

Influence of Ultrasonic Agitation on Pore Formation and Growth during Unidirectional Solidification of Water-Carbon Dioxide Solution

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