“…Typically, metaphors are arrows going upwards, from a down-to-earth domain to a more abstract one, and representations are arrows going downwards, i.e., the other way around. In this connection, it is pertinent to recall that in the German school of didactics of mathematics, originally mostly concerned with primary mathematics education and going back to Pestalozzi (Herbart 1804;vom Hofe 1995), representation and metaphor were quite present: as Darstellung-representation aiming at explaining something to others-and Vorstellung-a personal way to figure out or fathom something, operationally equivalent to metaphor (Soto-Andrade and Reyes-Santander 2011). So metaphorising was already recognised and appreciated at the beginning of the 19th century in German didactics of mathematics, well before its irruption from cognitive psychology and linguistics into mathematics education (Lakoff and Núñez 2000).…”