GS-E3D, a new pectin lyase-modified red ginseng extract, inhibited diabetes-related renal dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Abstract

BackgroundGS-E3D is a newly developed pectin lyase-modified red ginseng extract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of GS-E3D on diabetes-related renal dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.MethodGS-E3D (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight per day) was administered for 6 weeks. The levels of blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c, and of urinary albumin, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) were determined. Kidney histopathology, renal accumulation of AGEs, and expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were also examined.ResultsAdministration of GS-E3D for 6 weeks reduced urinary levels of albumin, 8-OHdG, and AGEs in diabetic rats. Mesangial expansion, renal accumulation of AGEs, and enhanced α-SMA expression were significantly inhibited by GS-E3D treatment. Oral administration of GS-E3D dose-dependently improved all symptoms of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting renal accumulation of AGEs and oxidative stress.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that the use of GS-E3D as a food supplement may provide effective treatment of diabetes-induced renal dysfunction.

Panax ginseng improves glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats through 5′ adenosine monophosphate kinase up-regulation

“…Insulin level was increased by 1.42 times in diabetic rats received ginseng when compared with non treated rats. In the same line, other studies reported the hypoglycemic effect of ginseng in diabetic/obese models (Kim et al, 2017, Lee et al, 2017b, Sun et al, 2018), it has been reported to induce an increase in serum insulin levels (Wang et al, 2017), and improved the insulin tolerance (Deng et al, 2017) in diabetic mice. There is a great prove now that the activation of AMPK can lead to increasing insulin secretion and improve its tolerance (Jung et al, 2018, Wu et al, 2018, Zhao et al, 2018).…”

“…Panax ginseng is a medicinal plant contributed for the controlling of many disorders (Ru et al, 2015), in the same line, its pharmacological action have been demonstrated in disorders such as cancer including; breast, lung, liver, colon and skin cancer (Majeed et al, 2018), cardiovascular diseases (Zheng et al, 2017), acute menopausal symptoms (Kargozar et al, 2017), acute pancreatitis (Liu et al, 2018b), it has been used for stimulating immune activity (Kang and Min, 2012, Yu et al, 2018), as a neuro-protective agent (Luo et al, 2018), and for its antioxidant activities (Shergis et al, 2014), anti stress (Wang et al, 2018) and anti-aging (Bjorklund et al, 2018) activities. Ginseng now is one of the most famous natural agents used in controlling the metabolic syndromes such as DM and its complications (Deng et al, 2017, Kim et al, 2017, Wang et al, 2017, Xu et al, 2017). Recently, it has been demonstrated that ginseng can improves the glucose intake, attenuates insulin resistance and reduce fat mass in high fat diet-obesity mice (Dai et al, 2018).…”

Ginseng Extracts, GS-KG9 and GS-E3D, Prevent Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption and Thereby Inhibit Apoptotic Cell Death of Hippocampal Neurons in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

“…On the other hand, several studies suggest that oxidative stress is involved in the development of diabetic neurotoxicity and that antioxidant therapy can prevent or reverse hyperglycemia-induced nerve dysfunctions [ 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ]. Recent reports showed that GS-E3D alleviates diabetes-related renal dysfunction by inhibiting the production of 8-hydroxy-2′–deoxyguanosine, a DNA oxidation marker [ 73 ]. In addition, E3D and KG9 also showed antioxidant effects in human hair dermal papilla cells proliferation and D-galactosamine-induced liver damage animal model, respectively [ 74 , 75 ].…”

Review of Ginseng Anti-Diabetic Studies

“…Administration of GS-E3D (pectin lyase-modified red ginseng extract) for six weeks significantly decreased urinary levels of albumin, 8-hydroxy-2 -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, all symptoms of diabetic nephropathy were improved by GS-E3D treatment via suppressing renal accumulation of AGEs and oxidative stress [47]. Tissue culture raised mountain ginseng adventitious root (TCMGARs) extracts at dosage levels of 250, and 500 mg/kg significantly reduced the blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride content in STZ-induced diabetic rats [38].…”