GS9 acts as a transcriptional activator to regulate rice grain shape and appearance quality

Zhao, Dongsheng; Li, Qianfeng; Zhang, Changquan; Zhang, Chen; Yang, Qingqing; Pan, Lixu; Ren, Xinyu; Lü, Jun; Gu, Minghong

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03616-y

Cited by 267 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The selection to GLA vgl is beneficial to rice quality improvement Grain length is closely related to grain quality (Zhao et al, 2018). We evaluated the grain quality of NILs and found that rice milled from NIL-GLA had high percentages of chalky grain and chalky area with loose and irregular starch granules, unlike that from NIL-gla, which displayed compactly arranged and largely sharpedged polygonal starch granules (Figure 7a-d).…”

Section: Phenotypic Characterization Of Nil-gla and Nil-glamentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural alleles of GLA for grain length and awn development were differently domesticated in rice subspecies japonica and indica

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2019

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Summary Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars harbour morphological and physiological traits different from those of wild rice ( O. rufipogon Griff.), but the molecular mechanisms underlying domestication remain controversial. Here, we show that awn and long grain traits in the near‐isogenic NIL ‐ GLA are separately controlled by variations within the GLA ( Grain Length and Awn Development ) gene, a new allele of GAD 1 / RAE 2 , which encodes one member of the EFPL (epidermal patterning factor‐like protein) family. Haplotype analyses and transgenic studies revealed that InDel1 (variation for grain length, VGL ) in the promoter region of GLA ( GLA VGL ) increases grain length by promoting transcription of GLA . Absence of InDel3 (variation for awn formation, VA ) in the coding region ( CDS ) of GLA ( GLA va ) results in short awn or no awn phenotypes. Analyses of minimum spanning trees and introgression regions demonstrated that An‐1 , an important gene for awn formation, was preferentially domesticated and its mutation to an‐1 was followed by GLA and An‐2 . Gene flow then occurred between the evolved japonica and indica populations. Quality analysis showed that GLA causes poor grain quality. During genetic improvement, awnlessness was selected in ssp. indica , whereas short–grained and awnless phenotypes with good quality were selected in japonica . Our findings facilitate an understanding of rice domestication and provide a favourable allele for rice breeding.

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Section: Phenotypic Characterization Of Nil-gla and Nil-glamentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural alleles of GLA for grain length and awn development were differently domesticated in rice subspecies japonica and indica

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2019

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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“…GRAIN LENGTH AND WEIGHT ON CHROMOSOME7 ( GLW7 ) and GW8 encode SQUAMOSA promoter‐binding protein‐like transcription factors that positively regulate seed size by promoting cell elongation or division (Wang et al 2012; Si et al 2016). GRAIN SHAPE GENE ON CHROMOSOME9 ( GS9 ) encodes a transcriptional activator involved in the regulation of grain shape by altering cell division (Zhao et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rice PLATZ protein SHORT GRAIN6 determines grain size by regulating spikelet hull cell division

Zhou

Hou

2019

JIPB

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Grain size is a major determinant of cereal grain yields; however, the relevant regulatory mechanisms controlling this trait have not been fully elucidated. The rice (Oryza sativa) mutant short grain6 (sg6) was identified based on its reduced grain length and weight. Here, we functionally characterized the role of SG6 in determining grain size through the regulation of spikelet hull cell division. SG6 encodes a previously uncharacterized plant ATrich sequence and zinc-binding (PLATZ) protein that is ubiquitously localized throughout the cell and is preferentially expressed in the early developing panicles but not in the endosperm. The overexpression of SG6 resulted in significantly larger and heavier grains, as well as increased plant heights, which is consistent with its elevated spikelet hull cell division rate. Yeast two-hybrid analyses revealed that SG6 interacts with the core cell cycle machinery DP protein and several other putative cell division regulators, consistent with our transcriptomic analysis, which showed that SG6 activates the expression of many DNA replication and cell-cycle-related genes. These results confirm the crucial role of SG6 in determining grain size by regulating spikelet hull cell division and provide clues for understanding the functions of PLATZ family proteins and the network regulating cereal grain size.

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“…Grain size is an important and complex agronomic trait that determines yield potential and is controlled by polygenes. A number of major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling grain size have been successfully isolated and characterized, such as GS3 (Fan et al ., ; Mao et al ., ), GS5 (Li et al ., ), GS9 (Zhao et al ., ), GW2 (Song et al ., ), GW5 (Shomura et al ., ; Weng et al ., ), GW7 (Wang et al ., ), GW8 (Wang et al ., ) and TGW6 (Ishimaru et al ., ). Furthermore, recent studies have revealed that a number of transcription factors act as key grain size regulators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor, OsPIL15, regulates grain size via directly targeting a purine permease gene OsPUP7 in rice

et al. 2019

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Background: Rice amylose content and amylopectin structure corporately determine rice eating and cooking qualities (ECQs). Soluble starch synthase (SS) IV-2 is a member of the soluble starch synthesis gene family but with unknown effects on ECQs. Results: In this study, three populations derived from a cross of two parents who possess the same major genes of starch bio-synthesis were employed to investigate the in uence of SSIV-2 and its combined effects with ADPglucose pyrophorylase large unit (AGPlar) and Pullulanase (PUL) on ECQs. The results illustrated that the polymorphism of SSIV-2 alleles signi cantly affected gel consistency (GC), gelatinization temperature (GT), percent of retrogradation (PR) and three crucial rapid viscosity analysis (RVA) pro le parameters: peak viscosity (PKV), breakdown viscosity (BDV) and setback viscosity (SBV). And SSIV-2 allele derived from CG173R had better quality traits with lower GT, SBV and PR. Moreover, its interaction with AGPlar was responsible for the variations of GC, apparent amylose content (AAC), GT, PR and all RVA parameters except for pasting temperature (PaT) and peak time (PeT), in terms of GC, PKV and CSV, AGPlar derived from CG173R had an epistatic effect on SSIV-2 ; additionally, interaction of SSIV-2 and PUL mainly affected GC, AAC, PKV, CPV, CSV and SBV. I-C and C-1 (I, allele of AGPlar from Guangzhan 63S; C, allele of SSIV-2 from CG173R; 1, allele of PUL from Guangzhan 63S) combinations had better ECQs. Conclusions: SSIV-2 alleles signi cantly affect rice quality, especially the parameters relevant to gelatinized and thermal characteristics of starch (GC, PR, GT, PKV, BDV and SBV) under the same major genes (Waxy and SSII-3) background. It indicates that SSIV-2 functions elongation of starch chain. These ndings suggest that the effects of SSIV-2 and its interaction with AGPlar and PUL are vital for rice quality breeding with the same major genes.

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GS9 acts as a transcriptional activator to regulate rice grain shape and appearance quality

Cited by 267 publications

References 55 publications

Natural alleles of GLA for grain length and awn development were differently domesticated in rice subspecies japonica and indica

Natural alleles of GLA for grain length and awn development were differently domesticated in rice subspecies japonica and indica

The rice PLATZ protein SHORT GRAIN6 determines grain size by regulating spikelet hull cell division

The basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor, OsPIL15, regulates grain size via directly targeting a purine permease gene OsPUP7 in rice

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