GT0 Explosion Sources for IMS Infrasound Calibration: Charge Design and Yield Estimation from Near-source Observations

Gitterman, Yefim; Hofstetter, Rami

doi:10.1007/s00024-012-0575-4

Cited by 24 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Even though the shock travels at speeds on the order of sonic velocity, a slight variation in travel distance can result in arrival times altered by a few milliseconds, Only fine mesh simulation results are considered a The raw experimental overpressure data read an OP max of 6.11 psi (42.1 kPa) for this 303-m sensor. However, Table 5 of [12] reports the peak overpressure at this 303-m sensor of 30.16 kPa. If the Table 5 of [12] data is taken as the true peak overpressure, percent difference in OP max is 3.4 % as opposed to −25.9 % mesh calculation, the results are roughly similar.…”

Section: Simulation Results: Overpressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Table 5 of [12] reports the peak overpressure at this 303-m sensor of 30.16 kPa. If the Table 5 of [12] data is taken as the true peak overpressure, percent difference in OP max is 3.4 % as opposed to −25.9 % mesh calculation, the results are roughly similar. The only deviation is that a sharp downward spike in the overpressure was seen at 130 ms at the 103-m sensor for the coarse calculation that was not present for the fine calculation.…”

Section: Simulation Results: Overpressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final yield estimations for Sayarim calibration explosions (including the one presented here) were based on measured maximal (positive phase) impulse values [12]. The overpressure impulse is defined as the total area under the curve for the variation of overpressure with time [14].…”

Section: Simulation Results: Overpressure Impulsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The explosion experiment that is to be modeled for this report was conducted at the Sayarim Military Range in Israel in January 2011 [12]. The purpose of the detonation was the calibration of International Monitoring System infrasound stations.…”

Section: Brief Experiments Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further details concerning the experiment for the interested reader, including a detailed description of the experimental setup and a discussion of the experimental results, may be found in [12].…”

Section: Brief Experiments Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical simulation of a 100-ton ANFO detonation

et al. 2014

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This work describes the results from a US government-owned hydrocode (SHAMRC, Second-Order Hydrodynamic Automatic Mesh Refinement Code) that simulated an explosive detonation experiment with 100,000 kg of Ammonium Nitrate-Fuel Oil (ANFO) and 2,080 kg of Composition B (CompB). The explosive surface charge was nearly hemispherical and detonated in desert terrain. Twodimensional axisymmetric (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) simulations were conducted, with the 3D model providing a more accurate representation of the experimental setup geometry. Both 2D and 3D simulations yielded overpressure and impulse waveforms that agreed qualitatively with experiment, including the capture of the secondary shock observed in the experiment. The 2D simulation predicted the primary shock arrival time correctly but secondary shock arrival time was early. The 2D-predicted impulse waveforms agreed very well with the experiment, especially at later calculation times, and prediction of the early part of the impulse waveform (associated with the initial peak) was better quantitatively for 2D compared to 3D. The 3D simulation also predicted the primary shock arrival time correctly, and secondary shock arrival times in 3D were closer to the experiment than in the 2D results. The 3D-predicted impulse waveform had better quantitative agreement than 2D for the later part of the impulse waveform. The results of this numerical study show that SHAMRC may be used reliably to predict phenomena associated with the 100-ton detonation. The ultimate fidelity of the simulations was limited by both computer time and memory. The results obtained provide good accuracy and indicate that the code is well suited to predicting the outcomes of explosive detonations.

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Section: Simulation Results: Overpressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulation Results: Overpressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulation Results: Overpressure Impulsementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brief Experiments Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brief Experiments Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical simulation of a 100-ton ANFO detonation

et al. 2014

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Blast waves from violent explosive activity at Yasur Volcano, Vanuatu

Marchetti

Ripepe

Donne

et al. 2013

Geophys. Res. Lett.

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[1] Infrasonic and seismic waveforms were collected during violent strombolian activity at Yasur Volcano (Vanuatu). Averaging~3000 seismic events showed stable waveforms, evidencing a low-frequency (0.1-0.3 Hz) signal preceding 5-6 s the explosion. Infrasonic waveforms were mostly asymmetric with a sharp compressive (5-106 Pa) onset, followed by a small long-lasting rarefaction phase. Regardless of the pressure amplitude, the ratio between the positive and negative phases was constant. These waveform characteristics closely resembled blast waves. Infrared imagery showed an apparent cold spherical front~20 m thick, which moved between 342 and 405 m/s before the explosive hot gas/fragments cloud. We interpret this cold front as that produced by the vapor condensation induced by the passage of the shock front. We suggest that violent strombolian activity at Yasur was driven by supersonic dynamics with gas expanding at 1.1 Mach number inside the conduit.

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Experimental laboratory study on the formation of multiple shock waves observed during volcanic eruptions

Médici

Waite

2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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Sequences of multiple pressure waves have recently been observed in different explosive volcanic eruptions, but their origin is not clearly understood. Although a pulsating type of eruption with many individual discharges can produce this effect, the formation of multiple shock waves could also result from a single discharge through (1) the dynamics of the shock wave itself, (2) the coupled shock wave‐supersonic jet dynamics, or (3) a combination of these factors. Shock tube experiments were performed to evaluate these potential mechanisms under controlled laboratory conditions. The amount of energy released was varied to achieve different weak shock wave conditions and to promote formation of single or multiple shock waves through both shock wave dynamics and coupled shock wave‐supersonic jet interactions. Our analysis indicates that both mechanisms may play a role in the formation of multiple pressure waves in low‐intensity eruptions.

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GT0 Explosion Sources for IMS Infrasound Calibration: Charge Design and Yield Estimation from Near-source Observations

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Numerical simulation of a 100-ton ANFO detonation

Numerical simulation of a 100-ton ANFO detonation

Blast waves from violent explosive activity at Yasur Volcano, Vanuatu

Experimental laboratory study on the formation of multiple shock waves observed during volcanic eruptions

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