Guanine-Rich Sequences Are a Dominant Feature of Exosomal microRNAs across the Mammalian Species and Cell Types

Momose, Fumiyasu; Seo, Naohiro; Akahori, Yasushi; Sawada, Sumiyuki; Harada, Norihiro; Ogura, Toru; Akiyoshi, Kazunari; Shiku, Hiroshi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154134

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Converting an EXOmotif into a motif present in predominantly cellular microRNAs, or vice versa, altered microRNA localization [78]. A further study confirmed an enrichment of G-rich sequences amongst exosomal microRNAs [81]. Post-transcriptional modifications may also play a role in exosomal targeting of microRNAs.…”

Section: Microrna Loading Into Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Extracellular microRNAs as messengers in the central and peripheral nervous system

Scott

2017

Neuronal Signaling

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Correspondence : Hannah Scott (ScottH5@cardiff.ac.uk) MicroRNAs are small post-transcriptional regulators that play an important role in nervous system development, function and disease. More recently, microRNAs have been detected extracellularly and circulating in blood and other body fluids, where they are protected from degradation by encapsulation in vesicles, such as exosomes, or by association with proteins. These microRNAs are thought to be released from cells selectively through active processes and taken up by specific target cells within the same or in remote tissues where they are able to exert their repressive function. These characteristics make extracellular microRNAs ideal candidates for intercellular communication over short and long distances. This review aims to explore the potential mechanisms underlying microRNA communication within the nervous system and between the nervous system and other tissues. The suggested roles of extracellular microRNAs in the healthy and the diseased nervous system will be reviewed.

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Section: Microrna Loading Into Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Specific sequence motifs have been identified that may guide the selective packaging of certain microRNAs [78,81]. Villarroya-Beltri et al identified two EXOmotifs, GGAG and CCCU, which are over-represented in microRNAs localized within exosomes.…”

Section: Microrna Loading Into Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular microRNAs as messengers in the central and peripheral nervous system

Scott

2017

Neuronal Signaling

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“…T cells strongly release exosomes with activation . Treg cell exosomes have been studied to some extent, all of which are reports regarding immunosuppressive function.…”

Section: Exosomes From Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17,18 T cells strongly release exosomes with activation. 19 Treg cell exosomes have been studied to some extent, all of which are reports regarding immunosuppressive function. CD73 on Treg cells converts extracellular ATP to immunosuppressive ADO and inhibits A2a adenosine receptor-bearing T cells and NK cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exosome‐mediated regulation of tumor immunology

2018

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Exosomes are representative extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from multivesicular endosomes (MVE) and have been described as new particles in the communication of neighborhood and/or distant cells by serving as vehicles for transfer between cells of membrane and cytosolic proteins, lipids, and nucleotides including micro (mi) RNAs. Exosomes from immune cells and tumor cells act in part as a regulator in tumor immunology. CD8+ T cells that show potent cytotoxic activity against tumor cells reside as an inactive naïve form in the T‐cell zone of secondary lymphoid organs. Once receiving tumor‐specific antigenic stimulation by dendritic cells (DC), CD8+ T cells are activated and differentiated into effector CTL. Subsequently, CTL circulate systemically, infiltrate into tumor lesions through the stromal neovasculature where mesenchymal stromal cells, for example, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAF), abundantly exist, destroy mesenchymal tumor stroma in an exosome‐mediated way, go into tumor parenchyma, and attack tumor cells by specific interaction. DC‐derived and regulatory T (Treg) cell‐derived exosomes, respectively, promote and inhibit CTL generation in this setting. In this review, we describe the roles of exosomes from immune cells and tumor cells on the regulation of tumor progression.

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“…T cells strongly release exosomes with activation [4] . Treg cell exosomes have been studied to some extent, all of which are reports regarding immunosuppressive function.…”

Section: Exosomes From T Cells and Nk Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome-mediated immune regulation and its clinical application

Seo

2018

Trends Immunother

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Immune system is a precise mechanism for maintenance of homeostasis by lymphocyte-mediated elimination of extracellular and intercellular pathogens, and abnormal cells in cytokine-, chemokine-, antibody-, and cytotoxic granuledependent manners. Extracellular vesicles, e.g. exosomes, released from multivesicular endosome in immune cells have been known to be a part of the immune system. Exosomes released by antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

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Guanine-Rich Sequences Are a Dominant Feature of Exosomal microRNAs across the Mammalian Species and Cell Types

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Extracellular microRNAs as messengers in the central and peripheral nervous system

Extracellular microRNAs as messengers in the central and peripheral nervous system

Exosome‐mediated regulation of tumor immunology

Exosome-mediated immune regulation and its clinical application

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