1975
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.11.4389
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Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp): positive effector for histidine operon transcription and general signal for amino-acid deficiency.

Abstract: Maximal expression of the histidine operon of Salmonella typhimurium in a coupled in vitro transcription-translation system is strongly dependent upon addition of guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp). This requirement for ppGpp is exerted at the level of transcription through a mechanism distinct from the his-operon-specific regulatory mechanism. In vivo derepression of the his operon is markedly defective when histidine starvation is imposed on a relA mutant-unable to rapidly increase synthesis of … Show more

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Cited by 222 publications
(174 citation statements)
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“…They showed that the hydroxylating enzyme was present also during anaerobic conditions, although no hydroxylation occurred, and that the tRNA was rapidly hydroxylated as the cells were shifted from anaerobic to aerobic conditions. Although these features only partly fulfill the requirements (rapid synthesis and rapid turnover [59,63]) of an alarmone, the hydroxylation of ms2i6A still may function as a cellular device to sense the oxygen tension as suggested by Buck and Ames (9). However, we could not detect any prolonged growth lag for the mutant, compared with the wild type, when it was shifted from anaerobic to aerobic growth conditions.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 49%
“…They showed that the hydroxylating enzyme was present also during anaerobic conditions, although no hydroxylation occurred, and that the tRNA was rapidly hydroxylated as the cells were shifted from anaerobic to aerobic conditions. Although these features only partly fulfill the requirements (rapid synthesis and rapid turnover [59,63]) of an alarmone, the hydroxylation of ms2i6A still may function as a cellular device to sense the oxygen tension as suggested by Buck and Ames (9). However, we could not detect any prolonged growth lag for the mutant, compared with the wild type, when it was shifted from anaerobic to aerobic growth conditions.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 49%
“…When starved for an amino acid, reversion rates of leuB~ and argH~ alíeles were significantly higher in the relA + than the relA~ strain. This effect of allelic differences in relA alone on reversion rates implicates transcription and the ppGpp system; fully derepressed transcription depends upon the relA + genotype [6,7]. The distribution of leu + revertants in mutation rate experiments indicated that they occurred predominantly after exponential growth had ceased, when the classical stringent response begins with a burst in the concentration of ppGpp.…”
Section: The Link Between Mutation Rates and The Stringent Responsementioning
confidence: 99%
“…During carbon source starvation, cAMP as well as ppGpp may accumulate. While these supercontrol molecules primarily regulate different metabolic do- mains, their areas of control also overlap in a complex hierarchy of regulation [7]. The synthesis of ß-galactosidase in vitro is strongly dependent upon both cAMP and ppGpp [9].…”
Section: The Link Between Starvation Regimens and Patterns Of Transcrmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The amount of ppGpp produced depends upon the identity of the absent amino acid (Donini et al, 1978). Activation by ppGpp is essential to enhanced expression of the deattenuated leu operon (Wright et al, 1999), as well as a number of other amino acid operons (Morse & Morse, 1976;Perel'man & Shakulov, 1981;Smolin & Umbarger, 1975;Stephens et al, 1975;Zidwick et al, 1984).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%