Guards in Prisons: A Risk Group for Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Arroyave, Luisa; Keynan, Yoav; Sanchez, Deny; López, Lucelly; Marín, Diana; Posada, Maryluz; Rueda, Zulma Vanessa

doi:10.1007/s10903-018-0746-1

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Additionally, several studies from the analysis by Baussano and colleagues 6 included guards and prison staff, 35 who have a lower risk of infection and disease than prisoners. 36 The elevated M tuberculosis infection rates seen in incarcerated populations are concerning and could impede interventions that do not directly prevent transmission in areas with a heavy tuberculosis burden. 5 , 37 These results suggest that prisoners are at high risk of developing tuberculosis in every global region and should be prioritised for tuberculosis screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis in incarcerated populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cords

Martínez

Warren

et al. 2021

The Lancet Public Health

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Summary Background Prisons are recognised as high-risk environments for tuberculosis, but there has been little systematic investigation of the global and regional incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis, and its determinants, in prisons. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis in incarcerated populations by geographical region. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Knowledge, and the LILACS electronic database from Jan 1, 1980, to Nov 15, 2020, for cross-sectional and cohort studies reporting the incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, incidence of tuberculosis, or prevalence of tuberculosis among incarcerated individuals in all geographical regions. We extracted data from individual studies, and calculated pooled estimates of incidence and prevalence through hierarchical Bayesian meta-regression modelling. We also did subgroup analyses by region. Incidence rate ratios between prisons and the general population were calculated by dividing the incidence of tuberculosis in prisons by WHO estimates of the national population-level incidence. Findings We identified 159 relevant studies; 11 investigated the incidence of M tuberculosis infection (n=16 318), 51 investigated the incidence of tuberculosis (n=1 858 323), and 106 investigated the prevalence of tuberculosis (n=6 727 513) in incarcerated populations. The overall pooled incidence of M tuberculosis infection among prisoners was 15·0 (95% credible interval [CrI] 3·8–41·6) per 100 person-years. The incidence of tuberculosis (per 100 000 person-years) among prisoners was highest in studies from the WHO African (2190 [95% CrI 810–4840] cases) and South-East Asia (1550 [240–5300] cases) regions and in South America (970 [460–1860] cases), and lowest in North America (30 [20–50] cases) and the WHO Eastern Mediterranean region (270 [50–880] cases). The prevalence of tuberculosis was greater than 1000 per 100 000 prisoners in all global regions except for North America and the Western Pacific, and highest in the WHO South-East Asia region (1810 [95% CrI 670–4000] cases per 100 000 prisoners). The incidence rate ratio between prisons and the general population was much higher in South America (26·9; 95% CrI 17·1–40·1) than in other regions, but was nevertheless higher than ten in the WHO African (12·6; 6·2–22·3), Eastern Mediterranean (15·6; 6·5–32·5), and South-East Asia (11·7; 4·1–27·1) regions. Interpretation Globally, people in prison are at high risk of contracting M tuberculosis infection and developing tuberculosis, with consistent disparities between prisons and the general population across regions. Tuberculosis control programmes should prioritise preventive interventions among incarcerated populations. ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This systematic review and metaanalysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) guidelines (appendix pp [35][36][37]. 15 This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42018104463.…”

Section: Search Strategy and Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis in incarcerated populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cords

Martínez

Warren

et al. 2021

The Lancet Public Health

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“…In addition, we did not evaluate prison staff, family members or visitors which could increase the number of TB cases detected and consequently increase the prevalence of active TB. Recently, one study reported that security guards may serve as a bridge population for TB transmission between prison and community [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active and latent tuberculosis among inmates in La Esperanza prison in Guaduas, Colombia

et al. 2019

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IntroductionActive tuberculosis (TB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are a public health threat in prisons around the world. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of LTBI and TB as well as to investigate TB transmission inside one prison, in Colombia.MethodsA Cross-sectional study was conducted in inmates who agreed to participate. Inmates with respiratory symptoms (RS) of any duration underwent to medical evaluation and three sputum samples were taken for smear microscopy and culture for TB diagnosis. Drug susceptibility was analyzed using BACTEC MGIT 960 and GenoType MTBDRplus. Molecular genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates was performed by 24-Locus MIRU-VNTR and spoligotyping. LTBI was evaluated according to the result of the tuberculin skin test (TST). Close contact investigation was conducted inside the prison for inmates that shared the cell with the index TB case.ResultsAmong 301/2,020 (15%) inmates with RS of any duration, 8% were diagnosed with active TB. The prevalence of active TB was 1,026 cases/100,000 inmates. We isolated M. tuberculosis in 19/24 (79%) TB cases, 94.7% were susceptible to first line drugs and only one was monoresistant to isoniazid. The most prevalent sub-lineage was Haarlem (68.4%), followed by LAM (26.3%) and T superfamily (5.3%). 24-Locus MIRU-VNTR typing results alone or in combination with spoligotyping identified three clusters containing two isolates each. Two clusters corresponded to inmates that shared the same cell, but each one was located in different blocks of the prison. Inmates from the last cluster were in the same block in nearby cells. TST reading was performed in 95.6% inmates, and 67.6% had a positive reaction.ConclusionsThe prevalence of LTBI and TB was higher in prison than in the general population. Molecular genotyping suggests that TB in this prison is mainly caused by strains imported by inmates or endogenous reactivation.

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“…On the other hand, researches addressing occupational health on prison staff members have contributed to describe different adverse physical and mental health outcomes, but scarcely relating them to burnout [56]. As for Colombian correctional officers, only two previous researches on this regard were found through a literature review, both describing a high risk of suffering infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, and determining that the risk of this kind of illnesses could be up to 20 times greater for prison staff when compared to the general population [60,61]. No further research on other professional health issues of correctional officers was found during the literature review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace burnout and health issues among Colombian correctional officers

et al. 2019

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Introduction Correctional employees typically work under adverse conditions that may enhance the occurrence of different negative psychological states. Burnout constitutes a high-risk phenomenon that may affect people’s physical/mental health and welfare, especially in vulnerable occupational groups. Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize the burnout profile of correctional officers, and to associate their burnout profile with health issues and lifestyle factors. Methods The full sample was composed of 219 Colombian correctional officers with a mean age of 30.18 years. A questionnaire composed of three sections was employed: demographic data, burnout, and health information. Results A high proportion of participants reported burnout indicators, also significantly correlated to their health indicators and lifestyle factors. Cluster analyses were used in order to characterize the burnout/age (model A) and burnout/age/psychological disturbance (model B) profiles of correctional officers. Furthermore, significant differences were found when comparing frequencies of alcohol consumption and physical exercise (lifestyle indicators) and perceived social support of officers depending on their profile. Conclusions the discussion focused on the negative impact of burnout on health, and on the importance of strengthening occupational programs aimed at reducing the impact of hazardous working conditions that contribute to the development of burnout, and to the arise different mid and long-term health complains among correctional workers.

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Guards in Prisons: A Risk Group for Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis in incarcerated populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis in incarcerated populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Active and latent tuberculosis among inmates in La Esperanza prison in Guaduas, Colombia

Workplace burnout and health issues among Colombian correctional officers

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