Guide to Field Trip of Fourth National Clay Conference: Clay Minerals in Sedimentary Rocks

Griffiths, John C.

doi:10.1346/ccmn.1955.0040102

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Petrographers are generally agreed that there is some relation between type of clay mineral suite and type of sandstone (Krynine, 1948 ;Pettij0hn, 1957;Griffiths, Bates and Shadle, 1956); i.e. orthoquartzites--illite and kaolinite; graywackes--illite and chlorite; arkose--kaolinite and montmorillonite.…”

Section: Relation Of Clay Minerals To Lithologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clay Petrology of Sediments

Weaver

1957

Clays clay miner. (Natl. Conf. Clays Clay Miner.)

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Studies of the Recent indicate that, at the most, somewhat less than half the clay minerals arc altered to any extent in a marine environment. Probably most of this alteration is in the form of cation adsorption or reconstitution of slightly weathered illites and chlorites to their original form. There appears to be little if any evidence that the detrital basic lattice is being altered to a measurable extent in Recent marine sediments. In the near-shore environments there is usually a coincidence of clay mineral suites and environments. A major change in the clay mineral composition of sedimentary rock occurs within the iVIississippian. Illite is the dominant clay mineral of the pro-Upper Mississippian sediments. PesbLower Mississippian clay suites are more variable in composition; illite becomes less abtmdant and montmorillonite and kaolinite more abundant. This change is best related to a change in regional tectonics. The clay minerals seem to have no preferred lithologic associations, although owing to cpigenetie alterations porous sandstones commonly have different clay mineral suites from those of adjacent shales and carbonate rocks. hi many instances clay mineral facies coincide with environmental facies. As the clay mineral criteria for distinguishing any given type environment are extremely variable, it is thought that segregation of clay mineral suites by sorting is usually mere effective than by diagcnesis. Expanded clay minerals appear to be partially contracted by the time they have been buried to 10,000-15,000 ft. It remains to be proved whether this is caused by chemical modification of the basic lattice with bmfial or if the detrital clay lattice has the inherent ability to contract, without chemical rearrangement, when buried to a sufficient depth.

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Section: Relation Of Clay Minerals To Lithologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clay Petrology of Sediments

Weaver

1957

Clays clay miner. (Natl. Conf. Clays Clay Miner.)

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Quantitative estimates of the geology of large regions and their application to mineral-resource assessment

Griffiths¹,

Pilant

Smith

1997

Nat Resour Res

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White clays of Pennsylvania

Hosterman¹

1984

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The white clays of Pennsylvania are composed chiefly of kaolinite and various amounts of illite. Most of the white clays are silty and a few are sandy. Quartz or chert is the only nonclay mineral in the whitest material; goethite is also present in the colored samples high in iron. The average alumina content is slightly more than 20 percent in samples from three clay pits and less than 15 percent in samples from five clay pits. The white clay deposits are found in eastern, south-central, and central Pennsylvania. They occur in rocks of the Appalachian basin that range in age from Cambrian to Devonian; however, their age of formation is Cretaceous or later. Some of the deposits are the result of katamorphic alteration, and some are the result of weathered material being transported and deposited in sinkaoles or caverns. The presence of alunite in one deposit suggests the possibility that the clay may be the result of both katamorphic and hydrothermal alteration.

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Guide to Field Trip of Fourth National Clay Conference: Clay Minerals in Sedimentary Rocks

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

The Clay Petrology of Sediments

The Clay Petrology of Sediments

Quantitative estimates of the geology of large regions and their application to mineral-resource assessment

White clays of Pennsylvania

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