Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a widely used technique
in preclinical
and clinical studies due to its predictability. Its main purpose is
to prevent the migration of soft tissue into the osseous wound space,
while allowing osseous cells to migrate to the site. GBR is classified
into two main categories: resorbable and non-resorbable membranes.
Resorbable membranes do not require a second surgery but tend to have
a short resorption period. Conversely, non-resorbable membranes maintain
their mechanical strength and prevent collapse. However, they require
removal and are susceptible to membrane exposure. GBR is often used
with bone substitute graft materials to fill the defect space and
protect the bone graft. The membrane can also undergo various modifications,
such as surface modification and biological factor loading, to improve
barrier functions and bone regeneration. In addition, bone regeneration
is largely related to osteoimmunology, a new field that focuses on
the interactions between bone and the immune system. Understanding
these interactions can help in developing new treatments for bone
diseases and injuries. Overall, GBR has the potential to be a powerful
tool in promoting bone regeneration. Further research in this area
could lead to advancements in the field of bone healing. This review
will highlight resorbable and non-resorbable membranes with cellular
responses during bone regeneration, provide insights into immunological
response during bone remodeling, and discuss antibacterial features.