Guided wave monitoring of Nano-Fe3O4 reinforced thermoplastic adhesive in manufacturing of reversible composite lap-joints using targeted electromagnetic heating

Palanisamy, Rajendra Prasath; Karpenko, Oleksii; Vattathurvalappil, Suhail Hyder; Deng, Yiming; Udpa, Lalita; Haq, Mahmoodul

doi:10.1016/j.ndteint.2021.102481

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Then, they performed tensile tests on dogbone specimens, measuring the electrical resistance during mechanical testing. After the initial A similar approach was recently reported by Palanisamy and co-workers [60], who proposed a method for precisely measuring the temperature of the adhesive to avoid both underheating (which may promote inefficient bonding) and overheating (which may account for the adhesive degradation). In particular, they combined ultrasonic-guided wave sensing and optical frequency domain reflectometry for real-time monitoring of both melting and polymerization processes in a glass fiber-reinforced epoxy lap shear joint using an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer (reinforced by magnetite nanoparticles at 16 wt.% loading) as the adhesive.…”

Section: Inductively Triggered Shape Memory and Self-healing Effects ...mentioning

confidence: 94%

Insights into Induction Heating Processes for Polymeric Materials: An Overview of the Mechanisms and Current Applications

Mariani

Malucelli

2023

Energies

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In polymer systems, induction heating (IH) is the physical outcome that results from the exposure of selected polymer composites embedding electrically-conductive and/or ferromagnetic fillers to an alternating electromagnetic field (frequency range: from kHz to MHz). The interaction of the applied electromagnetic field with the material accounts for the creation of magnetic polarization effects (i.e., magnetic hysteresis losses) and/or eddy currents (i.e., Joule losses, upon the formation of closed electrical loops), which, in turn, cause the heating up of the material itself. The heat involved can be exploited for different uses, ranging from the curing of thermosetting systems, the welding of thermoplastics, and the processing of temperature-sensitive materials (through selective IH) up to the activation of special effects in polymer systems (such as self-healing and shape-memory effects). This review aims at summarizing the current state-of-the-art of IH processes for polymers, providing readers with the current limitations and challenges, and further discussing some possible developments for the following years.

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Section: Inductively Triggered Shape Memory and Self-healing Effects ...mentioning

confidence: 94%

Insights into Induction Heating Processes for Polymeric Materials: An Overview of the Mechanisms and Current Applications

Mariani

Malucelli

2023

Energies

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“…Several sources confirm ABS's chemical composition and property [17]. Several studies have characterized neat and reinforced ABS polymers at quasi-static strain rates [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] using a combination of DMA and traditional tensile fixtures. However, using servo-hydraulic machines, limited exploratory research was conducted to understand the effect of low and intermediate strain rate effects on ABS [30,31].…”

Section: Strain (%)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanics of ABS Polymer under Low & Intermediate Strain Rates

vattathurvalappil¹,

Hassan²,

Haq³

2023

Recent Prog Mater

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Thermoplastics polymers like Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) are often reinforced with nano/micro reinforcements to enhance their mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. However, the viscoelastic nature of these polymers results in their strong dependence on the applied strain rate and temperature sensitivity, leading to their characterization complexity. Hence it is paramount to study the strain rate-dependent mechanics of neat ABS. In this study, the effect of strain rate and temperature on Young’s modulus of ABS polymer was characterized using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). Storage modulus curves at various temperatures and frequencies were transformed into a representative master curve at a specific temperature using the time-temperature superposition (TTS) principle. Based on this curve‘s storage modulus and frequency relation, an empirical fit function was developed and the strain rate values were extrapolated. Using integral relations of viscoelasticity, the results were further transformed to a time domain relaxation function to extract the strain rate-sensitive Young’s modulus at different loading rates. This method was validated by comparing the data with tensile tests conducted on ABS coupons as per ASTM D638-14. The results were acceptable over a wide range of strain rates and indicated a clear sensitivity of ABS to strain rate and temperature. The strategy used in this work can be employed to study the effect of reinforcement morphology in ABS thermoplastics using DMA.

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“…Ultrasonic inspection methods are generally used for flaw detection, material property identification, precise measurements, process monitoring, etc. [1][2][3]. Ultrasonic delay lines (sometimes also referred to as delay blocks or buffer rods) are used to delay the response that is typically used in the pulse-echo inspection mode, where echoes need to be separated temporally from large initial excitation pulse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine the acoustic impedance of any material, the following two equations can be used. According to Equation (1), the acoustic impedance Z of a material is the product of its density ρ and acoustic bulk wave velocity V. Equation (2) shows how V depends on the elastic modulus E and Poisson's ratio υ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Void-Engineered Metamaterial Delay Line with Built-In Impedance Matching for Ultrasonic Applications

Palanisamy,

Chavez,

Castro

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Metamaterials exhibit unique ultrasonic properties that are not always achievable with traditional materials. However, the structures and geometries needed to achieve such properties are often complex and difficult to obtain using common fabrication techniques. In the present research work, we report a novel metamaterial acoustic delay line with built-in impedance matching that is fabricated using a common 3D printer. Delay lines are commonly used in ultrasonic inspection when signals need to be separated in time for improved sensitivity. However, if the impedance of the delay line is not perfectly matched with those of both the sensor and the target medium, a strong standing wave develops in the delay line, leading to a lower energy transmission. The presented metamaterial delay line was designed to match the acoustic impedance at both the sensor and target medium interfaces. This was achieved by introducing graded engineered voids with different densities at both ends of the delay line. The measured impedances of the designed metamaterial samples show a good match with the theoretical predictions. The experimental test results with concrete samples show that the acoustic energy transmission is increased by 120% and the standing wave in the delay line is reduced by over a factor of 2 compared to a commercial delay line.

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Guided wave monitoring of Nano-Fe3O4 reinforced thermoplastic adhesive in manufacturing of reversible composite lap-joints using targeted electromagnetic heating

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Insights into Induction Heating Processes for Polymeric Materials: An Overview of the Mechanisms and Current Applications

Insights into Induction Heating Processes for Polymeric Materials: An Overview of the Mechanisms and Current Applications

Mechanics of ABS Polymer under Low & Intermediate Strain Rates

Void-Engineered Metamaterial Delay Line with Built-In Impedance Matching for Ultrasonic Applications

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