Guided waves for damage identification in pipeline structures: A review

Abstract

Summary Guided waves find their niche in cost‐effective damage identification in comparison with conventional nondestructive evaluation. Comprehensive research has been conducted since the 1980s, focusing on the detection of a wide variety of types of damage in metallic and composite structures. The main scope of this paper is to present a review of state‐of‐the‐art guided wave‐based approaches for damage identification in pipeline structures. Theoretical analyses of the interaction between linear and nonlinear guided waves and damage are addressed in detail. Numerical simulations and experimental studies of damage identification in pipeline structures using both linear and nonlinear guided waves are elaborated. Other issues including bends in pipes, effects of environmental and operational conditions on the performance of guided waves are another focus of this review. Future challenge in this field is summarised at the end of this review.

Estimation of remaining useful life of fatigued plate specimens using Lamb wave‐based nonlinearity parameters

“…The dislocation density in the matrix structure is assumed as τ mp | v = 1.05 × 10 15 m −2 , and in the PSB walls as τ mp | psbw = 2.1 × 10 15 m −2 . Here,half‐loop length ( L ) of the dislocation is 8.2×10 −8 m [Cantrell ] and b x = b z = 0.404 nm [Loffler et al, ]. In the matrix structure, the dipole density τ dp | v is 5.25 × 10 14 m −2 , whereas in the wall structure, it is τ dp | psbw = 1.05 × 10 15 m −2 .…”

“…The internal tensile stress σ psb generated in the PSBs can be given as where ϵ ≈ θϵ pl and θ is the angular deviation of the PSB walls with respect to the matrix. The deviation θ and typical plastic strain ϵ pl for pure metals are considered to be 5 o and 7.5 × 10 −3 [Cantrell ], respectively, which yield σ psb = 23.8874 MPa. This stress is roughly oriented along the direction of Burgers vector.…”

“…However, the nonlinear techniques are preferred over the linear ones because of their capability to detect microstructural changes prior to a significant drop in local strength and formation of a macroscopic crack. The conventional linear technology is only proficient for detecting macroscopic damages …”

Theoretical and experimental evaluation of material nonlinearity in metal plates using Lamb waves

“…The ultrasonic waves propagating through such material produce additional wave components with frequencies multiple of the excitation frequency called as higher harmonics . The higher harmonics generation takes place in waves because of the material nonlinearity, classified as the classical nonlinearity . The classical nonlinearity is induced in a pristine state material through lattice anharmonicity, which is generally represented by the higher order elastic constants .…”

Experimental and numerical research on damage localization in plate-like concrete structures using hybrid approach

“…Three fundamental tasks of the SHM techniques are detection, localization, and characterization of damage. There are many methods for SHM including acoustic emissions, vibration, laser scanning, digital imaging, electrical impedance, ultrasonic waves, thermal imaging, impact echo, and eddy current . For the purpose of damage detection, a large number of damage indices (DI) has been developed, which make it possible to determine the existence of damage and monitor its further propagation in time.…”