Guidelines for Field Surveys of the Quality of Medicines: A Proposal

SUMMARY Substandard/counterfeit antimicrobial drugs are a growing global problem. The most common substandard/counterfeit antimicrobials include beta-lactams (among antibiotics) and chloroquine and artemisin derivatives (among antimalarials). The most common type of substandard/counterfeit antimicrobial drugs have a reduced amount of the active drug, and the majority of them are manufactured in Southeast Asia and Africa. Counterfeit antimicrobial drugs may cause increased mortality and morbidity and pose a danger to patients. Here we review the literature with regard to the issue of substandard/counterfeit antimicrobials and describe the prevalence of this problem, the different types of substandard/counterfeit antimicrobial drugs, and the consequences for the individuals and global public health. Local, national, and international initiatives are required to combat this very important public health issue.

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“…Several international and national strategies are required to efficiently detect counterfeits and combat this problem (107).…”

Section: Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substandard/Counterfeit Antimicrobial Drugs

2015

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“…The sampling strategy for routine analysis was inspired from P. Newton proposal [26]. We would prefer large size but due to financial limitation, however we collected 278 samples.…”

Section: Consideration In Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Quality of Antibiotics-Based Amoxicillin for Monitoring of Some Different Medicine Markets of Democratic Republic of Congo

Tshilombo

Hamuli

Mbinze

et al. 2018

AJAC

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In order to combat the counterfeiting of drugs, adapted HPLC analytical USP methods were applied to evaluate the quality of the amoxicillin (with or without potassium clavulanate) powder for suspension sold in some Congolese markets. The adaptation has been done by modifying the column dimensions and adjusting the flow rate. According to the intended deployment of these methods in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 3 factors (analyst, day and equipment) were involved in the validation step while applying the classic total error measurement approach with an accuracy profile as decision tool. Since adequate results were obtained in terms of selectivity, precision, trueness and accuracy (tolerance limits of life expectancy: −6.0% and 3.8%) for levels of interest concentration, the methods have been considered for routine use on several samples from different provenances and collected in 4 major DRC cities. Out of 278 samples collected, 200 were eligible for analysis from which 28% were found under standards with several figures: pH failure, out of specification for amoxicillin content, absence of potassium clavulanate, physical modifications of the powders. As evidenced by these findings, medicines How to cite this paper: Tshilombo, N

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“…In addition to their significant role of dispensing drugs and manage managing minor illnesses, community pharmacists are considered as an important source of drug information for the patients. For these reasons, community pharmacists should have sufficient medicines medicine knowledge to improve therapy for the patients [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Pharmaceutical Market In Saudi Arabiamentioning

confidence: 99%