Guidelines for Physical Activity During Pregnancy

Evenson, Kelly R.; Barakat, Rubén; Brown, Wendy J.; Dargent-Molina, Patricia; Haruna, Megumi; Mikkelsen, Ellen M.; Mottola, Michelle F.; Owe, Katrine Mari; Rousham, Emily K.; Yeo, Seon Ae

doi:10.1177/1559827613498204

Cited by 258 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, no alterations were observed in FHR in any of the fetuses examined. The protocol design was selected in agreement with the literature, which recommends resistance training for non-pregnant individuals and beginners, with emphasis on improving muscular endurance, with the performance of 1 to 3 sets with 10-15 repetitions and a relative load ranging from 50 to 70% of 1-RM 21 , which are similar recommendations for women during pregnancy 17,18 . The literature reports cases of fetal bradycardia and tachycardia during maternal aerobic exercise 1,10,11 due to blood redistribution, the circulation of catecholamines and increased maternal body temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Fetal heart rate responses during maternal resistance exercise: a pilot study

Bgeginski¹,

Almada²,

Kruel³

2015

Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.

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PURPOSE: To determine fetal heart rate (FHR) responses to maternal resistance exercise for the upper and lower body at two different volumes, and after 25 minutes post-exercise. METHODS: Ten pregnant women (22-24 weeks gestation, 25.2±4.4 years of age, 69.8±9.5 kg, 161.6±5.2 cm tall) performed, at 22-24, 28-32 and 34-36 weeks, the following experimental sessions: Session 1 was a familiarization with the equipment and the determination of one estimated maximum repetition. For sessions 2, 3, 4 and 5,FHR was determined during the execution of resistance exercise on bilateral leg extension and pec-deck fly machines, with 1 and 3 sets of 15 repetitions; 50% of the weight load and an estimated repetition maximum. FHR was assessed with a portable digital cardiotocograph. Results were analyzed using Student's t test, ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni (α=0.05; SPSS 17.0). RESULTS: FHR showed no significant differences between the exercises at 22-24 weeks (bilateral leg extension=143.8±9.4 bpm, pec-deck fly=140.2±10.2 bpm, p=0.34), 28-30 weeks (bilateral leg extension=138.4±12.2 bpm, pec-deck fly=137.6±14.0 bpm, p=0.75) and 34-36 weeks (bilateral leg extension=135.7±5.8 bpm, pec-deck fly=139.7±13.3 bpm, p=0.38), between the volumes(bilateral leg extension at 22-24 weeks: p=0.36, at 28-30 weeks: p=0.19 and at 34-36 weeks: p=0.87; pec-deck fly at 22-24 weeks: p=0.43, at 28-30 weeks: p=0.61 and at 34-36 weeks: p=0.49) and after 25 minutes post-exercise. CONCLUSION: Results of this pilot study would suggest that maternal resistance exercise is safe for the fetus. ResumoOBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a frequência cardíaca fetal (FCF) enquanto gestantes realizavam exercícios de força para os membros superiores e inferiores, com dois volumes diferentes, e 25 minutos pós-exercício. MÉTODOS: Dez gestantes (22-24 semanas, 25,2±4,4 anos, 69,8±9,5 kg, 161,6±5,2 cm) realizaram as seguintes sessões experimentais com 22-24, 28-32 e 34-36 semanas de gestação: A Sessão 1 foi a familiarização com os equipamentos e determinação de uma repetição máxima estimada. Para as Sessões 2, 3, 4 e 5, foi determinada a FCF durante a execução do exercício de força nos equipamentos extensão de joelhos bilateral e voador, com 1 e 3 séries de 15 repetições e carga de 50% de uma repetição máxima estimada. A FCF foi avaliada com um cardiotocógrafo digital portátil. Os resultados foram analisados com teste t de Student, ANOVA com medidas repetidas e Bonferroni (α=0,05; SPSS 17.0). RESULTADOS: A FCF não demonstrou diferença significativa entre os exercícios com 22-24 semanas (extensão de joelhos bilateral=143,8±9,4 bpm, voador=140,2±10,2 bpm, p=0,34), 28-30 semanas (extensão de joelhos bilateral=138,4±12,2 bpm, voador=137,6±14,0 bpm, p=0,75) e 34-36 semanas (extensão de joelhos bilateral=135, 7±5,8 bpm, voador=139,7±13,3 bpm, p=0,38), entre os volumes (extensão de joelhos bilateral com 22-24 semanas: p=0,36, 28-30 semanas: p=0,19 e 34-36 semanas: p=0,87; voador com 22-24 semanas: p=0,43, 28-30 semanas: p=0,61 e 34-36 ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Such exercise protocols were selected respecting the guidelines and recommendations published in relation to resistance training in pregnancy 1,13,17,18 . The exercises chosen were pec-deck fly for the upper body and bilateral leg extension for the lower body, since it represents major muscle mass.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal heart rate responses during maternal resistance exercise: a pilot study

Bgeginski¹,

Almada²,

Kruel³

2015

Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.

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“…• none, less than 1/2 hour per day, 1/2 to almost 1 hour per day, 1 to almost 2 hours per day, 2 to almost 3 hours per day, 3 or more hours per day (questions: 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,14,15,16,19,20,21 ). Based on the average weekly energy expenditure, each of these activities was additionally classified by intensity: a) sedentary activity, b) light-intensity activity, c) moderate-intensity activity, d) vigorous-intensity activity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The issue of physical activity of pregnant women, including determining proper recommendations, has been a broadly discussed topic in international circles [10]. Nowadays, medical advances and broader knowledge based on extensive research have resulted in general acceptance and appreciation for physical activity during pregnancy [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, medical advances and broader knowledge based on extensive research have resulted in general acceptance and appreciation for physical activity during pregnancy [11]. Currently, doctors around the world present guidelines on the intensity and duration of physical activity, provided there are no medical contraindications and the woman consults the issue with her doctor [10,12]. One of benefits of physical activity during pregnancy is a reduced risk of gestational diabetes [13]; nevertheless, the level of knowledge in Polish women about gestational diabetes is still insufficient [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pregnant and active – suitability of the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire for measuring the physical activity of pregnant women in Poland

Krzepota

Sadowska

2017

fmpcr

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Background. The issue of physical activity of pregnant women, including determining proper recommendations, has been a broadly discussed topic in international circles. Objectives. The aim of this paper is to present the suitability of the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) for measuring the physical activity of pregnant women in Poland. Material and methods. The study included 162 questionnaires, which were filled in correctly by pregnant women (third trimester) who took part in childbirth classes organized by a childbirth school. As a research method, the PPAQ was chosen. The PPAQ allows pregnant women to self-assess their physical activity in the current trimester. The questions investigated time devoted to various types of activity related to household/caregiving, transportation, sports/exercise in their free time, occupational activity and inactivity. Based on the average weekly energy expenditure, each of these activities is classified by intensity: sedentary activity, light-intensity activity, moderate-intensity activity, vigorous-intensity activity. Results. While using the PPAQ in Poland, it is recommended to reduce the number of questions from 36 to 35, by removing question 18 (time of mowing lawn while on a riding mower). It is also advisable to convert American units of measurement into metric units, which are used in Poland. Conclusions. The Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire in Poland may fill the gap in studies devoted to the physical activity of pregnant Polish women. With this questionnaire, it is possible to determine energy expenditure in terms of intensity and type of physical activity. It also serves as a reliable tool that can be used for international comparisons.

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Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy

Muktabhant

Lawrie

Lumbiganon

et al. 2015

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

470

441

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High-quality evidence indicates that diet or exercise, or both, during pregnancy can reduce the risk of excessive GWG. Other benefits may include a lower risk of caesarean delivery, macrosomia, and neonatal respiratory morbidity, particularly for high-risk women receiving combined diet and exercise interventions. Maternal hypertension may also be reduced. Exercise appears to be an important part of controlling weight gain in pregnancy and more research is needed to establish safe guidelines. Most included studies were carried out in developed countries and it is not clear whether these results are widely applicable to lower income settings.

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Guidelines for Physical Activity During Pregnancy

Cited by 258 publications

References 36 publications

Fetal heart rate responses during maternal resistance exercise: a pilot study

Fetal heart rate responses during maternal resistance exercise: a pilot study

Pregnant and active – suitability of the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire for measuring the physical activity of pregnant women in Poland

Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy

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