Guidelines for reporting action simulation studies (GRASS): Proposals to improve reporting of research in motor imagery and action observation

Moreno-Verdú, Marcos; Hamoline, Gautier; Van Caenegem, Elise E.; Waltzing, Baptiste M.; Forest, Sébastien; Valappil, Ashika C.; Khan, Adam H.; Chye, Samantha; Esselaar, Maaike; Campbell, Mark J.; McAllister, Craig J.; Kraeutner, Sarah N.; Poliakoff, Ellen; Frank, Cornelia; Eaves, Daniel L.; Wakefield, Caroline; Boe, Shaun G.; Holmes, Paul S.; Bruton, Adam M.; Vogt, Stefan; Wright, David J.; Hardwick, Robert M.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108733

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 134 publications

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“…For example, Van Caenegem et al (2022) highlighted substantial underreporting of the instructed modality and perspective which can lead to challenges with replication, understanding and synthesizing of studies, which we would add is particularly important when studying heterogeneous conditions such as autism. Future studies would benefit from following the recently published Guidelines for Reporting Action Simulation Studies ( Moreno-Verdú et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor imagery in autism: a systematic review

Gowen,

Edmonds,

Poliakoff

2024

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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IntroductionMotor Imagery (MI) is when an individual imagines performing an action without physically executing that action and is thought to involve similar neural processes used for execution of physical movement. As motor coordination difficulties are common in autistic individuals it is possible that these may affect MI ability. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the current knowledge around MI ability in autistic individuals.MethodsA systematic search was conducted for articles published before September 2023, following PRISMA guidance. Search engines were PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley Online Library and PsyArXiv. Inclusion criteria included: (a) Original peer-reviewed and pre-print publications; (b) Autistic and a non-autistic group (c) Implicit or explicit imagery tasks (d) Behavioral, neurophysiological or self-rating measures, (e) Written in the English language. Exclusion criteria were (a) Articles only about MI or autism (b) Articles where the autism data is not presented separately (c) Articles on action observation, recognition or imitation only (d) Review articles. A narrative synthesis of the evidence was conducted.ResultsSixteen studies across fourteen articles were included. Tasks were divided into implicit (unconscious) or explicit (conscious) MI. The implicit tasks used either hand (6) or body (4) rotation tasks. Explicit tasks consisted of perspective taking tasks (3), a questionnaire (1) and explicit instructions to imagine performing a movement (2). A MI strategy was apparent for the hand rotation task in autistic children, although may have been more challenging. Evidence was mixed and inconclusive for the remaining task types due to the varied range of different tasks and, measures conducted and design limitations. Further limitations included a sex bias toward males and the hand rotation task only being conducted in children.DiscussionThere is currently an incomplete understanding of MI ability in autistic individuals. The field would benefit from a battery of fully described implicit and explicit MI tasks, conducted across the same groups of autistic children and adults. Improved knowledge around MI in autistic individuals is important for understanding whether MI techniques may benefit motor coordination in some autistic people.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor imagery in autism: a systematic review

Gowen,

Edmonds,

Poliakoff

2024

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Trajectory priming through obstacle avoidance in motor imagery – does motor imagery comprise the spatial characteristics of movement?

Roberts,

Wakefield,

Owen

2024

Exp Brain Res

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Motor imagery and execution often indicate a similar trend in the temporal characteristics of movements. This finding supports the notion of functional equivalence, whereby imagery and execution use a common neural representation. However, there is comparatively limited evidence related to the spatial characteristics of movements; no doubt owing to the absence of an actual spatial trajectory during imagery. Therefore, we adapted the trajectory priming paradigm involving an obstacle, where the trajectory adopted in a trial (n) is directly contaminated by a previous trial (n-1). If imagery accurately represents the spatial characteristics, then we would predict a similar priming effect as execution. Participants completed a series of trial blocks under different imagery/execution protocols, where the test trial (n) comprised execution alone, while the previous trial (n-1) involved imagery or execution. Each block comprised pairs of trials with alternate or consistent presentations of a virtual obstacle (O) or no obstacle (N): N-N, N-O, O-N, O-O. For trial n-1 (imagery/execution), there was a more prolonged reaction and movement time for imagery compared execution. Most importantly for trial n (execution), there was an increase in early angular and peak deviation following an obstacle compared to no obstacle in trial n-1, but only when it was execution and not imagery. These findings suggest imagery holds a limited representation of the spatial characteristics, while functional equivalence may be limited to the temporal characteristics.

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