Guidelines for the Clinical Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus–Related Dementia

Peripheral oxidative stress markers in diabetes‐related dementia

“…Therefore, a subset of this subgroup might be referred to as “DrD,” because a strong association between this type of dementia and DM was observed . The term “DrD” is not suggestive of a particular underlying neuropathology, but merely describes a dementia state predominantly associated with DM‐related metabolic abnormalities rather than AD or vascular pathology . However, its pathophysiology remains unclear.…”

A comparison between the Mini‐Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment in assessing cognitive function in patients with diabetes‐related dementia

“…Cognitive impairment associated with DM involves deficits in memory, information‐processing speed, and executive function . Our previous single‐photon emission computed tomography study demonstrated that patients with DrD had apparent decreased perfusion in the frontal lobe . Therefore, greater involvement of the frontal lobe likely translates to lower scores in the executive function domain of the MoCA in subjects with DrD.…”

“…This type of dementia, diabetes‐related dementia (DrD), shows neither cerebrovascular disease on magnetic resonance imaging nor parietotemporal hypoperfusion on single‐photon emission computed tomography. It is characterized by old age, high haemoglobin A1c, long duration of diabetes, high frequency of insulin therapy, low frequency of apolipoprotein E4 carriers, and less severe medial temporal lobe atrophy; also, it is often negative for Pittsburgh compound‐B on positron emission tomography . Because the underlying neuropathological conditions in DrD are different from those in AD, there may be some differences in cognitive profiles between DrD and AD.…”

“…The diagnosis of DM was based on clinical guidelines published by the Japan Diabetes Society. The diagnosis of DrD was based on our proposed guidelines for the clinical diagnosis of DrD . Our subjects were patients with mild to moderate dementia as defined by the Clinical Dementia Rating.…”

Ambulatory glucose profile in diabetes‐related dementia

“…We propose a new clinical entity of a dementia subgroup, referred to as “diabetes‐related dementia,” which is clinically different from the characteristics of AD and VaD . Although DrD might underlie heterogeneous neuropathological conditions, glycemic controls can improve some domains of cognitive function, such as attention and executive functions determined by the Trail‐Making Test Part A and B, in individuals with DrD.…”