Guidelines for the detection of a common source of hepatitis B virus infection

Pourkarim, Mahmoud Reza; Ranst, Marc Van

doi:10.5812/kowsar.1735143x.773

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…2018 ). In spite of large-scale vaccination programmes implemented in many countries, an estimated 260 million people are still chronically infected with HBV ( Pourkarim and Van Ranst 2011 ), and about 880,000 people die of its consequences every year ( Lozano et al. 2012 ; Pourkarim et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of the origin and dispersal of the worldwide dominant Hepatitis B Virus subgenotype D1

et al. 2022

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Background Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV-D1 is the dominant subgenotype in the Mediterranean basin, Eastern Europe and Asia. However, little is currently known about its evolutionary history and spatio-temporal dynamics. Methods We use Bayesian phylodynamic inference to investigate the temporal history of HBV-D1, for which we calibrate the molecular clock using ancient sequences, and reconstruct the viral global spatial dynamics based, for the first time, on full-length publicly available HBV-D1 genomes from a wide range of sampling dates. Results We pinpoint the origin of HBV subgenotype D1 before the current era (BCE) in Turkey/Anatolia. The spatial reconstructions reveal global viral transmission with a high degree of mixing. Conclusions By combining modern-day and ancient sequences, we ensure sufficient temporal signal in HBV-D1 data to enable Bayesian phylodynamic inference using a molecular clock for time calibration. Our results shed light on the worldwide HBV-D1 epidemics and suggest that this originally Middle Eastern virus significantly affects more distant countries, such as those in mainland Europe.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of the origin and dispersal of the worldwide dominant Hepatitis B Virus subgenotype D1

et al. 2022

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“…HIV) among mentally ill residents at a long term care facility. Confirming horizontal transmission events requires meticulous phylogenetic analysis by using HBV full-length genomes (7). However, the low sample volume/availability and low viral loads restricted this analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persons with Intellectual Disability: A Potential Reservoir of Invasive Strains of Hepatitis B Virus

et al. 2019

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Background: A higher prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been reported in persons with intellectual disability as well as the nurses working in closed institutions compared to the general population. Objectives: In the present study, the serological and molecular markers of HBV infection in individuals with intellectual disability of closed institutions were investigated. Methods: Blood samples were derived from 400 persons with intellectual disability living in six institutions in Tehran and tested for HBsAg and HBcAb. Nested PCR, direct sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis were performed to determine the HBV genotypes and mutational patterns of HBsAg. Also, HBsAb was tested for HBV DNA positive cases. Results: Twenty-eight (7.0%) patients were positive for the HBsAg serological test. Furthermore, six HBV occult cases were identified. In total, out of 41 patients with HBV infection markers, 26 cases were positive for HBV DNA. Of these patients, 15 full-length HBsAg were successfully amplified and sequenced. All strains belonged to genotype D and subtypes ayw2 and ayw3. These 15 isolated strains carried several immune escape mutants in the S genes. Surprisingly, mutations related to antiviral resistance were detected in the overlapped pol genes of strains isolated from naïve-treatment patients. Conclusions: The observed frequency of HBV infection in individuals with intellectual disability was higher than the reported estimation of HBV infection in Iranian blood donors and the general population. All HBV isolates from these patients represented a homogenous genotype and corresponded with other reported strains from Mediterranean countries. The high frequency of immune escape strains, despite vaccination and detection of identical mutational patterns in different genes, might indicate that persons with intellectual disability have shared vaccine-escape and drug-resistant HBV strains.

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“…Sporadic reports showed up to 27% prevalence of mixed genotype infections, predominantly AD (20,23). Sequencing is less sensitive than other methods detecting mixed genotypes, as it detects mainly the predominant genotype in mixtures, leading to potential underestimation (24). In highly prevalent genotype D regions, a single-step PCR method can be used to distinguish HBV genotypes D from non-D (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological, Virological and Clinical Characteristics of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes in Chronically Infected Persons in Slovenia

et al. 2017

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Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes have been shown to have virological, clinical, and therapeutic implications. Knowledge about HBV genotype distribution in Slovenia is scarce. This study was the first to determine various characteristics of patients with chronic HBV infection with regard to HBV genotypes at the national level. Methods: HBV genotype determination was performed on randomly selected patients out of 1,729 patients from all Slovenian regions who tested positive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) at the national reference laboratory for viral hepatitis between January 1997 and December 2010. Demographic, epidemiological, virological, and clinical data were extracted from the medical records and statistically analyzed with regard to HBV genotypes. Results: A total of 186 HBsAg positive patients with the mean age of 40.1 years were identified from whom, 65.1% were male. 157 (84.4%) cases presented with genotype D, 23 (12.4%) with genotype A, and 6 (3.2%) with other HBV genotypes. Sexual transmission was more significantly associated with lower odds for HBV genotype D infection compared to blood-related risk factors (P = 0.023). Genotype A was significantly more common in men who had sex with men (P = 0.043). Compared to females with genotype D, genotype A positive women presented unknown risk factors more significantly (P = 0.002). Conclusions: HBV genotype D is the most prevalent genotype in Slovenia. However, future changes might be expected due to recent massive immigrations to Europe. Routine HBV genotyping is recommended in patients with certain risk factors prior to initiation of hepatitis B treatment.

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Guidelines for the detection of a common source of hepatitis B virus infection

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Reconstruction of the origin and dispersal of the worldwide dominant Hepatitis B Virus subgenotype D1

Reconstruction of the origin and dispersal of the worldwide dominant Hepatitis B Virus subgenotype D1

Persons with Intellectual Disability: A Potential Reservoir of Invasive Strains of Hepatitis B Virus

Epidemiological, Virological and Clinical Characteristics of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes in Chronically Infected Persons in Slovenia

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