Guidelines for using animal models in blast injury research

Watts, Sarah; Kirkman, Emrys; Bieler, Dan; Bjarnason, Stephen; Franke, Axel; Gupta, Raj K.; Leggieri, Michael J.; Orru, Hans; Ouellet, Simon; Philippens, M.M.G.M.; Sarron, Jean-Claude; Skriudalen, Stian; Teland, Jan Arild; Risling, Mårten; Černak, Ibolja

doi:10.1136/jramc-2018-000956

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It has also been noted that results from experimental studies can be difficult to repeat in other animal experiments. Some recent publications have presented guidelines for experimental studies in order to reduce confounding factors and facilitate the translation between different experiments and to clinical situations.…”

Section: Animal Models For Tbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling human pathology of traumatic brain injury in animal models

et al. 2019

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by a head impact with a force exceeding regular exposure from normal body movement which the brain normally can accommodate. People affected include, but are not restricted to, sport athletes in American football, ice hockey, boxing as well as military personnel. Both single and repetitive exposures may affect the brain acutely and can lead to chronic neurodegenerative changes including chronic traumatic encephalopathy associated with the development of dementia. The changes in the brain following TBI include neuroinflammation, white matter lesions, and axonal damage as well as hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein. Even though the human brain gross anatomy is different from rodents implicating different energy transfer upon impact, especially rotational forces, animal models of TBI are important tools to investigate the changes that occur upon TBI at molecular and cellular levels. Importantly, such models may help to increase the knowledge of how the pathologies develop, including the spreading of tau pathologies, and how to diagnose the severity of the TBI in the clinic. In addition, animal models are helpful in the development of novel biomarkers and can also be used to test potential disease‐modifying compounds in a preclinical setting.

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Section: Animal Models For Tbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling human pathology of traumatic brain injury in animal models

et al. 2019

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“…While differences should be acknowledged and discussed when interpreting results from porcine trauma models, similarities between ~ 60 kg swine and humans make the animal model useful for advanced translational trauma research. There is increasing clinical and scientific interests in the use of early goal-directed coagulation therapies for haemostatic control in bleeding trauma patients [38], requiring relevant and new trauma models, particularly after blast injury [9]. We believe that this model will provide a platform for continued research, particularly of immediate resuscitation efforts after severe trauma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While further advancements require realistic animal models, few models of severe blast trauma have been described. Due to the complexity of blast injury it is unlikely that one model will be able to replicate all the relevant injuries and postinjury consequences [9]. Specifically, a model that encompasses a high trauma load is required, to complement established trauma models based on liver incisions or femur fractures [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blast polytrauma with hemodynamic shock, hypothermia, hypoventilation and systemic inflammatory response: description of a new porcine model

Dahlquist

Degerstedt

Oelreich

et al. 2020

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg

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Purpose In the past decade blast injuries have become more prevalent. Blast trauma may cause extensive injuries requiring improved early resuscitation and prevention of haemorrhage. Randomized prospective trials are logistically and ethically challenging, and large animal models are important for further research efforts. Few severe blast trauma models have been described, which is why we aimed to establish a comprehensive polytrauma model in accordance with the criteria of the Berlin definition of polytrauma and with a survival time of > 2 h. Multiple blast injuries to the groin and abdomen were combined with hypoperfusion, respiratory and metabolic acidosis, hypoventilation, hypothermia and inflammatory response. The model was compared to lung contusion and haemorrhage. Methods 16 landrace swine (mean weight 60.5 kg) were randomized to "control" (n = 5), "chest trauma/hem" by lung contusion and class II haemorrhage (n = 5), and "blast polytrauma" caused by multiple blast injuries to the groin and abdomen, class II haemorrhage, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion and hypothermia 32 °C (n = 6). Results The blast polytrauma group had an Injury Severity Score of 57 which resulted in haemodynamic shock, hypothermia, respiratory and metabolic acidosis and inflammatory response. The chest trauma/hem group had an Injury Severity Score of 9 and less profound physiologic effects. Physiologic parameters presented a dose-response relationship corresponding to the trauma levels. Conclusion A comprehensive blast polytrauma model fulfilling the Berlin polytrauma criteria, with a high trauma load and a survival time of > 2 h was established. A severe, but consistent, injury profile was accomplished enabling the addition of experimental interventions in future studies, particularly of immediate resuscitation efforts including whole blood administration, trauma packing and haemostasis.

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“…experimental plan and design of proposals, and journal reviewers and editors to have a better sense of the quality of reported findings (239). The original publications should be consulted for full discussion, but some of the most salient challenges are outlined here.…”

Section: Protective Shielding Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex as a Biological Variable in Preclinical Modeling of Blast-Related Traumatic Brain Injury

McCabe

Tucker

2020

Front. Neurol.

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Approaches to furthering our understanding of the bioeffects, behavioral changes, and treatment options following exposure to blast are a worldwide priority. Of particular need is a more concerted effort to employ animal models to determine possible sex differences, which have been reported in the clinical literature. In this review, clinical and preclinical reports concerning blast injury effects are summarized in relation to sex as a biological variable (SABV). The review outlines approaches that explore the pertinent role of sex chromosomes and gonadal steroids for delineating sex as a biological independent variable. Next, underlying biological factors that need exploration for blast effects in light of SABV are outlined, including pituitary, autonomic, vascular, and inflammation factors that all have evidence as having important SABV relevance. A major second consideration for the study of SABV and preclinical blast effects is the notable lack of consistent model design-a wide range of devices have been employed with questionable relevance to real-life scenarios-as well as poor standardization for reporting of blast parameters. Hence, the review also provides current views regarding optimal design of shock tubes for approaching the problem of primary blast effects and sex differences and outlines a plan for the regularization of reporting. Standardization and clear description of blast parameters will provide greater comparability across models, as well as unify consensus for important sex difference bioeffects.

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Guidelines for using animal models in blast injury research

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Modelling human pathology of traumatic brain injury in animal models

Modelling human pathology of traumatic brain injury in animal models

Blast polytrauma with hemodynamic shock, hypothermia, hypoventilation and systemic inflammatory response: description of a new porcine model

Sex as a Biological Variable in Preclinical Modeling of Blast-Related Traumatic Brain Injury

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