Guiding the Formation of Metal–Organic Structures of 1,4-Diaminoanthraquinone through Surface-Based Cu Atoms

Abstract

The gradual guidance of the formation of metal− organic structures through surface-based Cu atoms for 1,4diaminoanthraquinones (DAQs) has been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at room temperature. On the Ag(110) surface, the transition from a hydrogen-bond network structure to metal−organic coordination structures of DAQs can be induced by introducing foreign copper atoms. Due to the weak interaction between DAQs and Ag(110), thermal treatment easily leads to the desorption of DAQs from the surface. To address this challenge, Cu(111) is selected as the substrate. Under thermal driving and in the presence of copper adatoms, the hydrogen-bond network structure of DAQs on the surface gradually undergoes a transition into a metal-coordinated structure, eventually leading to the formation of metal−organic complexes through amino dehydrogenation. It is demonstrated that the construction of a metal− organic coordination structure on metal surfaces is a result of the competition among factors such as metal atoms, functional groups of molecules, surface chemical activity, and temperature.