Guillain–Barré syndrome

Esposito, Susanna; Longo, Miriam

doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.022

Cited by 137 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Micronesia and then in French Polynesia in 2013-2014, and after affecting most of the South Pacific islands, the virus was eventually detected in the Americas in 2015 [1][2][3][4]. The increased number of infections in humans included cases with unusually severe symptoms such as Guillain-Barr e syndrome and developmental abnormalities in newborns that are now described as congenital Zika syndrome [5][6][7][8]. As there are currently no licensed vaccines or specific therapies, the only way to interrupt ZIKV transmission is by controlling mosquito populations [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes do not support replication of Zika virus

Lourenço‐de‐Oliveira

Marques

Sreenu

et al. 2018

Journal of General Virology

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The rapid spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas raised many questions about the role of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in transmission, in addition to the key role played by the vector Aedes aegypti. Here we analysed the competence of Cx. quinquefasciatus (with or without Wolbachia endosymbionts) for a ZIKV isolate. We also examined the induction of RNA interference pathways after viral challenge and the production of small virus-derived RNAs. We did not observe any infection nor such small virus-derived RNAs, regardless of the presence or absence of Wolbachia. Thus, Cx. quinquefasciatus does not support ZIKV replication and Wolbachia is not involved in producing this phenotype. In short, these mosquitoes are very unlikely to play a role in transmission of ZIKV. Micronesia and then in French Polynesia in 2013-2014, and after affecting most of the South Pacific islands, the virus was eventually detected in the Americas in 2015 [1][2][3][4]. The increased number of infections in humans included cases with unusually severe symptoms such as Guillain-Barr e syndrome and developmental abnormalities in newborns that are now described as congenital Zika syndrome [5][6][7][8]. As there are currently no licensed vaccines or specific therapies, the only way to interrupt ZIKV transmission is by controlling mosquito populations [9]. An enzootic cycle limited to Africa and Asia with occasional spillover events has been described [10,11]. In the current outbreak in the Americas, ZIKV is believed to be mainly transmitted by the human-biting mosquito Aedes aegypti [12,13]. Whether a similar enzootic cycle in the Americas can be established is not known and it has been suggested that such a process would make eradication efforts 'practically impossible' [14]. Experimental infections with the epidemic ZIKV genotypes demonstrated that populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, which are associated with a risk of local transmission [15] as well other aedine species were heterogeneously and weakly competent for transmission [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Therefore, the potential role of other anthropophilic mosquitoes in the ZIKV outbreak raised a question which took time to be addressed [26]. Culex quinquefasciatus Say is an opportunistic blood feeder predominant in urban settings throughout the tropics where it is frequently the most annoying biting pest to humans [27]. This night-active mosquito is also the vector of many pathogens including arboviruses such as West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viruses [28], which belong to the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae and are related to ZIKV. Both Cx. quinquefasciatus and Culex pipiens (from temperate regions) mosquitoes of the Cx. pipiens complex were not able to experimentally transmit ZIKV and no viral particles were detected in mosquito saliva up to 21 days after exposure to an infectious blood meal [17-20, 25, 29-36], though different results were recorded with other Cx. quinquefasciatus strains [37,38]. Even after injection o...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes do not support replication of Zika virus

Lourenço‐de‐Oliveira

Marques

Sreenu

et al. 2018

Journal of General Virology

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“…as well as enterovirus D68 and Zika virus. GBS has also been observed in patients who had recently been vaccinated against rabies, infl uenza A/H1N1 [10]. Eighty eight % of patients had GBS and 12% of patients had chronic infl ammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy which is even more insidious and which behaves like a chronic form of GBS, creeping up more slowly, and typically without an inciting event.…”

Section: Sources and Preparation Of Ivigmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…But treatments can help improve symptoms of GBS and shorten its duration. Esposito et al [10] reported three therapeutic approaches to GBS [10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uses of Intravenous Immunoglobulin: A 13-Year Evaluation of Guillain–Barré Syndrome in Fez, Morocco

Hilali¹,

Hilali²,

Belahsen³

et al. 2017

J Biol Med

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Plasma-derived medicines in Morocco have been of great demand, and often on a short supply. Moroccan Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) formulation is still using sugar as stabilizer, while some other industries are discontinuing sugar and currently using amino acid as stabilizer. This is due to the fact that amino acid is rapidly metabolized/cleared from the blood circulation and has fewer adverse effects. The term Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) defi nes a recognizable clinical entity that is characterized by rapidly evolving symmetrical limb weakness, loss of tendon refl exes, absent or mild sensory signs, and variable autonomic dysfunction. Few studies have been conducted to investigate the use of IVIG products for GBS in Morocco. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of IVIG and its adverse effects in Moroccan hospital. This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the demographic and clinical features in 74 patients with GBS, and to assess the use of IVIG in these patients at University Hospital Hassan II of Fez -Neurology Department from 2003 to 2015. Forty-seven (64 %) male and 27 (36 %) female cases were studied, among whom nine patients had an infection. Eighty eight 88% of total patients had GBS and 12% had chronic infl ammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Among the 74 patients, 14 % patients showed spontaneous recovery. Twenty eight % of total patients received corticosteroid therapy, 1% of patients underwent Plasma Exchange (PE), 18% (13 patients) received IVIG. Among the 18% that received IVIG, 1 out of 13 patients developed symptoms of hypersensitivity, including fever and chills. Since the use of IVIG resulted in only 1 out 13 patients developed symptoms of hypersensitivity, we concluded that IVIG therapy had a better outcome. IVIG therapy provides patients with GBS, a safer and effective alternative to standard therapies.

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“…C. jejuni is of particular medical relevance given its emergence as a major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis with most infections attributed to poultry contamination . Whereas human infections with C. jejuni are typically self‐limiting, in some cases they can lead to the development of Guillain‐Barré syndrome, a debilitating paralytic neuropathy …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural investigation on WlaRG from Campylobacter jejuni: A sugar aminotransferase

et al. 2017

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Campylobacter jejuni is a Gram-negative bacterium that represents a leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Of particular concern is the link between C. jejuni infections and the subsequent development of Guillain-Barre syndrome, an acquired autoimmune disorder leading to paralysis. All Gram-negative bacteria contain complex glycoconjugates anchored to their outer membranes, but in most strains of C. jejuni, this lipoglycan lacks the O-antigen repeating units. Recent mass spectrometry analyses indicate that the C. jejuni 81116 (Penner serotype HS:6) lipoglycan contains two dideoxyhexosamine residues, and enzymological assay data show that this bacterial strain can synthesize both dTDP-3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose and dTDP-3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-D-galactose. The focus of this investigation is on WlaRG from C. jejuni, which plays a key role in the production of these unusual sugars by functioning as a pyridoxal 5 0 -phosphate dependent aminotransferase. Here, we describe the first three-dimensional structures of the enzyme in various complexes determined to resolutions of 1.7 Å or higher. Of particular significance are the external aldimine structures of WlaRG solved in the presence of either dTDP-3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-D-galactose or dTDP-3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose. These models highlight the manner in which WlaRG can accommodate sugars with differing stereochemistries about their

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Guillain–Barré syndrome

Cited by 137 publications

References 62 publications

Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes do not support replication of Zika virus

Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes do not support replication of Zika virus

Uses of Intravenous Immunoglobulin: A 13-Year Evaluation of Guillain–Barré Syndrome in Fez, Morocco

Structural investigation on WlaRG from Campylobacter jejuni: A sugar aminotransferase

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