Guillain‐Barré Syndrome as First Manifestation of Typhoid Fever

Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis complicating Salmonella Paratyphi A infection

“…Unfortunately, the diagnosis of typhoid fever was merely clinical in that report, and the clinical information provided was not sufficient to distinguish MFS from acute ophthalmoparesis without ataxia. Peripheral neuropathy mimicking GBS has been described more frequently, but the incidence was still less than 1% [2,4,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Miller Fisher Syndrome and Boomerang Sign: A Rare Presentation of Typhoid Fever

“…It has a better prognosis than classic GBS and most patients recover uneventfully [1]. GBS has been reported in association with typhoid fever as well as Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis in association with Salmonella paratyphi infections; however, MFS has not been reported yet in association with typhoid fever in the published literature [2,3]. We present an unusual association of MFS with typhoid fever.…”

How do we identify infectious agents that trigger Guillain–Barré syndrome, Fisher syndrome and Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis?

“…In this issue, Sheng and his co-authors have shown in their review table [1] several case reports of GBS (probably AMAN) [43,44], mild forms of FS (acute ophthalmoparesis without ataxia) [45] and BBE [46] that are associated with enteric fever, raising the possibility that enteric fever pathogens can trigger the syndromes. S. Typhi has been isolated from patients with GBS [47][48][49][50][51][52][53] or BBE [46], and S. Paratyphi A has also been isolated from a GBS patient [43]. Enteric fever is rare, especially in developed countries and it would be difficult to prospectively show its serological association with GBS and its related conditions.…”