Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)- A Review

Abstract

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), a rare neurological disorder which attack self-immune system especially peripheral nervous system (PNS)and its network of nerves located outside of the brain and spinal cord. GBS has a number of recognized subtypes that have differing clinical and pathophysiological features. Most of the incidence rates of GBS reported was between 1.1/100,000/year and 1.8/100,000/year with lower rates reported in children (less than 16 years) of 0.4/100,000/year to 1.4/100,000/year. The reason for GBS though unknown but according to the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about two-thirds of people developed GBS post to gastrointestinal or a respiratory infection. Infectives include Campylobacter jejuni, Zika virus and herpes virus besides pesticides accumulation. Nerves innervating various muscles are affecting showing difficulty in response to the brain signals is one major symptom. Electrodiagnostic study and cerebrospinal liquid (CSF) estimations are the current diagnostics. Intravenous immunoglobulin G and plasmapheresis have been demonstrated to be successful in the treatment.