Gulag Voices

Gheith, Jehanne M.; Jolluck, Katherine R.

doi:10.1057/9780230116283

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Though archival documents have been accessible since 1991, we know that offi cial records were often falsifi ed or manipulated to suit the expectations of higher authorities, and numbers of prisoners, particularly The Forgotten Victims: Childhood and the Soviet Gulag, 1929Gulag, -1953 those ill and those who had died, were underreported. 16 Yet, personal sources on the Gulag can also be problematic. In recent years scholars have come to question the usefulness of memoir accounts, not only because of the fallibility of individual human memory.…”

Section: Methodology and Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is only very recently that scholars have begun asking these "victims" what life had been like for them. 12 Scholars and psychologists have come to acknowledge the "widespread, emotional, long-range price for participation in different forms of man-made violence." 13 Generations who have suffered trauma can pass on those feelings of fear and pain to the next, particularly when not given the opportunity to deal openly and publicly with what happened to them.…”

Section: Signifi Cance For Gulag Soviet and Comparative Childhood Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Forgotten Victims: Childhood and the Soviet Gulag, 1929–1953

MacKinnon¹

2012

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This study examines a facet of Gulag history that only in recent years has become a topic for scholarly examination, the experiences of children whose parents were arrested or who ended up themselves in the camps. It fi rst considers the situation of those who were true "children of the Gulag," born either in prison or in the camps. Second, the paper examines the children who were left behind when their parents and relatives were arrested in the Stalinist terror of the 1930s. Those left behind without anyone willing or able to take them in ended up in orphanages, or found themselves on their own, having to grow up quickly and cope with adult situations and responsibilities. Thirdly, the study focuses on young persons who themselves ended up in the Gulag, either due to their connections with arrested family members, or due to actions in their own right which fell afoul of Stalinist "legality," and consider the ways in which their youth shaped their experience of the Gulag and their strategies for survival. The effects of a Gulag childhood were profound both for individuals and for Soviet society as a whole. Millions of children's lives were torn apart by the Stalinist terror; they not only lost loved ones and friends, but they also faced social stigmatization, political and economic marginalization, and compromised opportunities for upward mobility and security. For some whose parents were rehabilitated, this brought a degree of normalcy, and they felt that the state had redeemed itself and their families. But for others it contributed to a process of alienation that ended up in political dissidence and emigration. Any history of post-Stalinist society must take into consideration the fact that the Gulag did not just affect those who served time in the camps and colonies, but also the children they left behind. Further studies are needed to determine to what extent the experiences of children of the Gulag informed social patterns during the last decades of the Soviet regime, and in particular, responses to Gorbachev's efforts at reform.

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Section: Methodology and Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Signifi Cance For Gulag Soviet and Comparative Childhood Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Forgotten Victims: Childhood and the Soviet Gulag, 1929–1953

MacKinnon¹

2012

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“…Therefore it is necessary to read such texts carefully and try to distinguish between unique personal experiences and what may be rooted in collective memory, and consider the erosive impact of time on memory. 24 I argue that experiences involving emotional trauma, especially with regard to children, are more likely to remain vivid in a person's consciousness, thus strengthening the credibility of memories associated with motherhood and relations with children in and out of the camps. In each of these texts the memories associated with motherhood also have unique elements that enhance their reliability and value as sources of insight into what it was like to be a mother in the Gulag.…”

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confidence: 98%

Motherhood and Survival in the Stalinist Gulag

MacKinnon

2019

Aspasia

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This article analyzes the Gulag memoirs of four women political prisoners—Olga Adamova-Sliozberg, Liudmila Miklashevskaya, Nadezhda Joffe, and Valentina Grigorievna levleva-Pavlenko—to examine the interplay of motherhood and survival. Each was a mother of small children sentenced to forced labor camps in the northern polar regions of the Soviet Union. Motherhood played a complex role in their survival. The rupture in family relations, particularly the separation from their children, magnified the psychological and emotional stress of their incarceration. Yet, being a mother in the camps provided a compelling motivation to stay alive. It helped them to sustain a sense of normalcy by connecting them to their former lives and to the family unit that represented stability and sustenance amid the bleakness of their Gulag existence.

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Penal Colonies

Worley¹,

Worley²

2013

The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice

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Throughout the history of corrections, criminal justice officials throughout the world have utilized penal colonies as a form of punishment. While a variety of different nations have experimented with penal colonies, the British, French, and Russian governments are known to have been quite aggressive in transporting prisoners to remote areas. Interestingly, penal colonies are still present today. The detention camp at Guantanamo Bay is a modern‐day penal colony where officials have incarcerated individuals who are suspected of engaging in terrorism against the United States.

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Gulag Voices

Cited by 14 publications

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The Forgotten Victims: Childhood and the Soviet Gulag, 1929–1953

The Forgotten Victims: Childhood and the Soviet Gulag, 1929–1953

Motherhood and Survival in the Stalinist Gulag

Penal Colonies

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