Gum Formation in Gasoline

Abstract

FOR some time it has been recognized that cracked gasolines are unstable and form gum upon aging in the presence of air. The

Gum Formation in cracked Gasolines

“…The present authors found that component fluorides induced marked development of basic phosphates of meager solubility in aged mixtures of triple superphosphate and calcium silicate slag (9). The citrate insolubility induced by the slag greatly exceeded that induced by similar admixtures of limestone (10).…”

“…The variation of k with temperature is a function of the energy of activation of the gumforming reaction: If a gum content of 10 mg. per 100 ml. is to be reached by a given gasoline at a fixed temperature, Equation 9 .08, 9..17 and without added inhibitors, is given in Table I. The values for the ratio of the 10-mg. gum time to the induction period (column 7) are roughly independent of the temperature for a given gasoline sample.…”

“…In some cases the gum which forms after a given time (usually 4 or 5 hours) of accelerated oxidation under fixed conditions is taken as a measure of stability. Extensive storage tests have been carried out in different laboratories (3,9,11) to correlate the storage life of a gasoline with its induction period. Although a general sort of correlation was found, the induction period did not appear to rate properly the stability of gasolines of different types, especially with regard to origin, refining treatment, and inhibitors.…”

Inhibitors in Cracked Gasoline III. Storage Stability as Related to Induction Period and Critical Oxidation Potential

“…Weltzien and Schultze (19) have studied the effect of electrolytes in the dye bath as well as in the fibers on the dyeing process. Robinson and Mills (14) have made an intensive study of solutions of benzopurpurine 4B and its isomer prepared from m-tolidine and have shown that the highly substantive benzopurpurine 4B is more highly aggregated in solution than its isomer. Neale (6, 7, 9, 12) and his co-workers have established that the maximum concentration of dye absorbed by viscose sheet depends upon the concentration of electrolyte and of the dye in the bath.…”