Gustation

Hara, Toshiaki

doi:10.1016/s1546-5098(06)25002-7

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Less obvious are changes in channel water chemistry associated with large-scale flooding and catchment runoff, such as increases in the concentration of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON; Lewis 2002;Martin and Harrison 2011). DON is a complex mixture of nitrogenous material, including peptides and amino acids, to which the fish senses of olfaction and gustation are particularly sensitive (Hara 2007;Stoffels 2013). These senses guide certain marine fishes during migrations (Dixson et al 2008;Leis et al 2011), but the extent to which chemical cues affect dispersal of river-floodplain fishes is unknown.…”

Section: H1: Large-scale Versus Localized Floodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of a floodplain fish community to river-floodplain connectivity: natural versus managed reconnection

Stoffels

Clarke

Rehwinkel

et al. 2014

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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To restore lateral connectivity in highly regulated river-floodplain systems, it has become necessary to implement localized, "managed" connection flows, made possible using floodplain irrigation infrastructure. These managed flows contrast with "natural", large-scale, overbank flood pulses. We compared the effects of a managed and a natural connection event on (i) the composition of the large-bodied fish community and (ii) the structure of an endangered catfish population of a large floodplain lake. The change in community composition following the managed connection was not greater than that exhibited between seasons or years during disconnection. By contrast, the change in fish community structure following the natural connection was much larger than that attributed to background, within-and between-year variability during disconnection. Catfish population structure only changed significantly following the natural flood. While the natural flood increased various population rates of native fishes, it also increased those of non-native carp, a pest species. To have a positive influence on native biodiversity, environmental flows may need to be delivered to floodplains in a way that simulates the properties of natural flood pulses. A challenge, however, will be managing river-floodplain connectivity to benefit native more than non-native species.Résumé : Pour rétablir la connectivité de réseaux fluviaux fortement régularisés de plaine inondable, il est devenu nécessaire de mettre en place des débits de connexion « gérés » localisés rendus possibles par les infrastructures d'irrigation dans la plaine inondable. Ces écoulements se distinguent des débordements transitoires « naturels » à grande échelle associés aux crues. Nous avons comparé les effets d'évènements de connexion géré, d'une part, et naturel, d'autre part, sur (i) la composition de la communauté de gros poissons et (ii) la structure d'une population menacée de barbues dans un grand lac de plaine inondable. La modification de la composition de la communauté après l'évènement de connexion géré n'était pas plus importante que la variabilité observée d'une saison à l'autre ou d'une année à l'autre en situation de déconnexion. En revanche, la modification de la structure de la communauté de poissons après l'évènement de connexion naturel était beaucoup plus importante que celle attribuable à la variabilité intersaisonnière et interannuelle de fond en situation de déconnexion. La structure de la population de barbues n'a changé de manière significative qu'après la crue naturelle. Si cette crue naturelle a entraîné une augmentation des taux de population de divers poissons indigènes, elle s'est également traduite par une augmentation du taux de population des carpes, une espèce parasite non indigène. Il se pourrait que, pour avoir une incidence positive sur la biodiversité indigène, les débits environnementaux dans les plaines inondables doivent simuler les propriétés des crues naturelles. L'un des défis que cela présente consiste à gérer la connectivité hydr...

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Section: H1: Large-scale Versus Localized Floodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of a floodplain fish community to river-floodplain connectivity: natural versus managed reconnection

Stoffels

Clarke

Rehwinkel

et al. 2014

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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“…Another map, in the vestibular cortex and involved with the sense of equilibrium, is both genuinely somatotopic (Grusser et al, 1990; Lopez and Blanke, 2011) and “directionally isomorphic,” consciously sensing movements of the body through 3D space (Chen et al, 2010). The chemotopic maps of olfactory and gustatory functioning are spatial at only some levels of their sensory pathways and not spatially organized at other levels (Sewards and Sewards, 2001; Rawson and Yee, 2006; Hara, 2007; Sosulski et al, 2011; Jacobs, 2012), so it is best to refer to these maps as isomorphic alone, still representing a hierarchical neural mapping for the construction of a sensory image (i.e., of different odorants or tastants).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolutionary and genetic origins of consciousness in the Cambrian Period over 500 million years ago

Feinberg¹,

Mallatt²

2013

Front. Psychol.

108

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Vertebrates evolved in the Cambrian Period before 520 million years ago, but we do not know when or how consciousness arose in the history of the vertebrate brain. Here we propose multiple levels of isomorphic or somatotopic neural representations as an objective marker for sensory consciousness. All extant vertebrates have these, so we deduce that consciousness extends back to the group's origin. The first conscious sense may have been vision. Then vision, coupled with additional sensory systems derived from ectodermal placodes and neural crest, transformed primitive reflexive systems into image forming brains that map and perceive the external world and the body's interior. We posit that the minimum requirement for sensory consciousness and qualia is a brain including a forebrain (but not necessarily a developed cerebral cortex/pallium), midbrain, and hindbrain. This brain must also have (1) hierarchical systems of intercommunicating, isomorphically organized, processing nuclei that extensively integrate the different senses into representations that emerge in upper levels of the neural hierarchy; and (2) a widespread reticular formation that integrates the sensory inputs and contributes to attention, awareness, and neural synchronization. We propose a two-step evolutionary history, in which the optic tectum was the original center of multi-sensory conscious perception (as in fish and amphibians: step 1), followed by a gradual shift of this center to the dorsal pallium or its cerebral cortex (in mammals, reptiles, birds: step 2). We address objections to the hypothesis and call for more studies of fish and amphibians. In our view, the lamprey has all the neural requisites and is likely the simplest extant vertebrate with sensory consciousness and qualia. Genes that pattern the proposed elements of consciousness (isomorphism, neural crest, placodes) have been identified in all vertebrates. Thus, consciousness is in the genes, some of which are already known.

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“…The term gustatory system is used to describe the organs towards or within the brain together with their nervous system (Hara 2007). TBs can vary in shape and size considerably among species as well as location even in the same species (Hara 2007). TBs can vary in shape and size considerably among species as well as location even in the same species (Hara 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TBs can vary in shape and size considerably among species as well as location even in the same species (Hara 2007). The rod and the microvillar cells have traditionally been termed as 'light' and 'dark' cells, respectively, based upon their electron density (Hara 2007). Three gustatory cell types were described in the fish taste bud: (i) TBs ending with a rod-shaped apical protrusion or cilia (0.5-lm thick and 1.5-to 3.0-lm long; rod cells), (ii) ending with microvilli (0.1-0.2 lm in diameter and 0.55-1.0 lm in length; microvillar cells), and (iii) basal cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasurface structure of oromandibular area in a hill stream teleost Glyptothorax trilineatus Blyth, 1860

Kaushik

Bordoloi

2016

Acta Zoologica

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Kaushik, G. and Bordoloi, S. 2017. Ultrasurface structure of oromandibular area in a hill stream teleost Glyptothorax trilineatus Blyth, 1860. -Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 98: 362-369.Ultrasurface structure of the oromandibular area of a hillstream catfish Glyptothorax trilineatus Blyth 1860, an inhabitant of the sub-Himalayan streams of India is described. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study of these areas revealed a series of punctuation elevation from the general surface epithelium. Two types (types I and II) of taste buds (TB) could be identified where one type is with microvillar projections and others without any projection. Another type of cell, the basal cells, without any apical microvilli was also recorded. TBs were more concentrated on the ventral surface of the barbels. In most of the TBs, the pore is located at the centre of the elevation and surrounded by a circular area. Jaw sheath bears a single type of teeth, the papilliform teeth.

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Gustation

Cited by 22 publications

References 158 publications

Response of a floodplain fish community to river-floodplain connectivity: natural versus managed reconnection

Response of a floodplain fish community to river-floodplain connectivity: natural versus managed reconnection

The evolutionary and genetic origins of consciousness in the Cambrian Period over 500 million years ago

Ultrasurface structure of oromandibular area in a hill stream teleost Glyptothorax trilineatus Blyth, 1860

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