Gut antibacterial effects of C7 and C9 carboxylic acids in the diet of piglets

Smet, Stefaan De; Michiels, Joris; Ovyn, Anneke; Dierick, Noël; Laget, Mia; Cools, An; Lauwaerts, Angelo

doi:10.2527/jas.2015-9532

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…As shown in Table 3 , MCFA include lauric acid (C12), capric acid (C10), caprylic acid (C8), carboxylic acids (C7 and C9) and caproic acid (C6) and their derivatives are also another of the alternatives to antibiotics for piglets ( Boyen et al., 2008 , Zentek et al., 2011 , Zentek et al., 2012 , Hanczakowska et al., 2013 , Zentek et al., 2013 , De Smet et al., 2016 ). Medium chain fatty acids have the capacity to fight against microbial activity of Salmonella and E. coli ( Dierick et al., 2002 , Rossi et al., 2010 ).…”

Section: Antimicrobial Effects Of Essential Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oils as alternatives to antibiotics in swine production

et al. 2018

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This review article summarizes the efficacy, feasibility and potential mechanisms of the application of essential oils as antibiotic alternatives in swine production. Although there are numerous studies demonstrating that essential oils have several properties, such as antimicrobial, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, feed palatability enhancement and improvement in gut growth and health, there is still a need of further investigations to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their functions. In the past, the results has been inconsistent in both laboratory and field studies because of the varied product compositions, dosages, purities and growing stages and conditions of animals. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential oils needed for killing enteric pathogens may not ensure the optimal feed intake and the essential oils inclusion cost may be too high in swine production. With the lipophilic and volatile nature of essential oils, there is a challenge in effective delivery of essential oils within pig gut and this challenge can partially be resolved by microencapsulation and nanotechnology. The effects of essential oils on inflammation, oxidative stress, microbiome, gut chemosensing and bacterial quorum sensing (QS) have led to better production performance of animals fed essential oils in a number of studies. It has been demonstrated that essential oils have good potential as antibiotic alternatives in feeds for swine production. The combination of different essential oils and other compounds (synergistic effect) such as organic acids seems to be a promising approach to improve the efficacy and safety of essential oils in applications. High-throughput systems technologies have been developed recently, which will allow us to dissect the mechanisms underlying the functions of essential oils and facilitate the use of essential oils in swine production.

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Section: Antimicrobial Effects Of Essential Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oils as alternatives to antibiotics in swine production

et al. 2018

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“…Although medium chain FFA are solubilized at reduced pH their likelihood of complexing with amylose under gastric terms seems questionable. Although organic acids are normally minimal in the gastric system, their commercial supplementation for microbial control can be substantial ( De Smet et al., 2016 ). Uniquely, medium chain FFA appear with post-parturient mammals consuming milk fat.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal System and V-helix-fa Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary free fatty acids complex with amylose creating another form of resistant starch: Gastrointestinal formation with fowl and swine

Moran

2021

Animal Nutrition

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Fat added to poultry and swine feeds often contains abundant free fatty acids (FFA) that can impair digestible energy (DE). Placement of the fatty acid (FA) hydrocarbon chain in the helix core reformed from amylose creates a complex of both nutrients. Resulting modifications create a new structure termed the V-helix that becomes resistant to α-amylase. Granules in grain naturally contain minimal amounts of these complexes with more being generated during food manufacturing when moisture and heat release amylose in the presence of FFA. A paucity of FFA usually exists in complete feeds without sources of poor-quality fat. Animal fats and by-product meals from rendering are prominent in their saturated FFA content which favorably complex within the helix. V-helix-FA complexes may arise during their concurrent encounter of FFA together with amylose during feed manufacture, particularly pelleting. FFA in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are speculated to further form complexes when present together with amylose. Although amylose may be dissolved in the gastric and small intestinal milieu, FFA separately coalesce into hydrophobic fat droplets along with other dietary lipids. Formation of complexes is likely restricted until FFA are released into the aqueous phase during fat digestion. Although α-amylase may be prominent, V-helix-FA complexes being resistant to enzymic attack pass into the large intestine. Subsequent microbial catabolism of V-helices may generate volatile fatty acids that are absorbed by the mucosa; however, an inability to use FFA once released leads to their excretion and basis for decreased DE. Immature microbial populations with young animals usually lack the capacity to fully catabolize the V-helix, further extending the loss in DE.

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“…Previous studies have shown that MCFAs can improve the growth performance of piglets and prevent the negative effects associated with weaning (Dierick et al 2002;Zentek et al 2011Zentek et al , 2013Sol et al, 2019). Furthermore, in vitro studies have shown that MCFAs have antibacterial activity, with great efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria (Lieberman et al 2006;Skrivanova et al 2012;Dayrit 2015;De Smet et al 2016), supporting their use against pathogens relevant in pig farming, such as Escherichia coli and Streptococcus suis. Organic acids possess antimicrobial properties, due to their ability to cross the cell membrane-related to the lipophilic nature of their undissociated forms-and modifying the proton (and associated anion) concentrations in the cytoplasm (G omez-Garc ıa et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Lauric acid saponified with calcium ameliorates indices of intestinal function and gut health in weaned piglets

Rebucci

Comi

Ghiringhelli

et al. 2021

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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Reducing the use of antibiotics is one of the largest challenges for pig production. The scientific community has investigated numerous alternative substances to antibiotics, including mediumchain fatty acids, due to their antimicrobial and protective effects on the gut health of piglets. The present study investigated the effect of lauric acid saponified with calcium (C12-Ca) on the growth performance and gut health parameters in post-weaning piglets. A total of 192 24-day-old piglets were assigned to one of three dietary treatments: CTR (basal diet alone), ANT (amoxicillin, 400 mg/ kg) as a positive control diet, or C12-Ca (1 g/kg) for 28 days. C12-Ca did not affect performance, except for feed efficiency (FE), which increased (p < .05) in the C12-Ca and ANT groups from 15 to 28 days. On days 0 to 28, FE was higher (p < .001) in the C12-Ca group than in the CTR group. In the C12-Ca and CTR groups, antibiotic treatments against diarrhoea were reduced. A greater concentration of lactic acid was found in the small intestine in the C12-Ca group and the acetic acid concentration in the caecum decreased under C12-Ca treatment (p < .001). No differences in IL-10, IL-6, IgA, and IgG were found in faecal samples. In the duodenum and ileum, C12-Ca administration provided a higher total antioxidant capacity and lower malondialdehyde level (p < .001). C12-Ca improved the ileal villus height and width (p < .001). Our findings suggest that C12-Ca administration ameliorates the indices of intestinal function and gut health in weaned piglets. HIGHLIGHTSReducing the use of antibiotics is one of the largest challenges for pig production. Medium-chain fatty acids are important alternative substances to antibiotics. Lauric acid saponified with calcium represents a promising nutritional strategy for improving piglet gut health.

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Gut antibacterial effects of C7 and C9 carboxylic acids in the diet of piglets

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Essential oils as alternatives to antibiotics in swine production

Essential oils as alternatives to antibiotics in swine production

Dietary free fatty acids complex with amylose creating another form of resistant starch: Gastrointestinal formation with fowl and swine

Lauric acid saponified with calcium ameliorates indices of intestinal function and gut health in weaned piglets

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