Gut Bacterial DNA Translocation is an Independent Risk Factor of Flare at Short Term in Patients With Crohn’s Disease

Gutiérrez, Ana; Zapater, Pedro; Juanola, Oriol; Sempere, Laura; García, M; Laveda, R; Martínez, A. Pérez; Scharl, Michael; González‐Navajas, José M.; Such, José; Wiest, Reiner; Rogler, Gerhard; Francés, Rubén

doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.8

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Recently, Gutierrez et al [34] evaluated the effect of bacterial DNA translocation on relapse in CD patients in remission. According to the study, the presence of bacterial DNA in blood of Crohn’s disease patients is an independent risk factor of CD exacerbation after 6 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Bacteria Composition and Translocation of Bacteria in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

et al. 2017

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BackgroundLive commensal intestinal bacteria are present in the peripheral blood where they can induce inflammation.ObjectiveTo evaluate the intestinal bacteria composition and translocation of bacteria in IBD.MethodsBoth blood and tissue biopsy samples were collected from adult patients with active/inactive Crohn’s disease (CD), active/inactive ulcerative colitis (UC) and healthy individuals. Most of the patients were newly diagnosed and none of them received antibiotics. Using a reverse transcription–quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) method, we determined the composition of microbiota. NOD2/CARD15 genotyping was also studied.ResultsTotal bacterial DNA concentration was increased in tissue and blood samples of IBD patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the active IBD cases had higher total bacterial DNA concentration levels compared to the inactive cases. Three species characterized dysbiosis in IBD, namely an increase of Bacteroides spp in active and inactive IBD samples, and a decrease in Clostridium leptum group (IV), and Faecalibacterium prausnitzi in both active and inactive IBD patients. No significant association between bacterial translocation and NOD2/CARD15 mutations was found.ConclusionsThe composition of the microbiota in IBD patients differs from that of healthy controls. The high rate of bacterial DNA in the blood samples indicates translocation in inflammatory bowel disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Bacteria Composition and Translocation of Bacteria in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

et al. 2017

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“…Recent description of bacterial DNA translocation is an interesting concept in CD and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (17,18). It is also interesting that common pathogenic bacteria such as enterobacteria, Staphylococci, and Streptococci, etc., cannot be clinically cultured from the blood of IBD patients (17,18).…”

Section: Cc-by-ncmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also interesting that common pathogenic bacteria such as enterobacteria, Staphylococci, and Streptococci, etc., cannot be clinically cultured from the blood of IBD patients (17,18). "Bacterial translocation" has been previously described that the epithelial barrier of intestinal mucosa is defective and the intestinal bacteria will travel through the barrier to the blood circulation and interact with inflammatory cells within the lamina propria or submucosa.…”

Section: Cc-by-ncmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Growth Behavior ofMycobacterium AviumSubspecies and Staphylococci with Implications for Clinical Microbiology and Blood Culture

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et al. 2016

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Rapid culture of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) from patients remains a challenge. During the process of developing a rapid culture method for MAP, we found that there is an alternative growth behavior present in MAP, MAH (Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis) and other bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. The bacterial DNA, RNA and proteins are present in the supernatants of the liquid culture media after routine microcentrifugation. When cultured in the solid media plate, there are a limited number of colonies developed for MAP and MAH disproportionate to the growth. We believe there is an alternative growth behavior for MAP, MAH and other bacteria similar to "phenoptosis". Based on the alternative bacterial growth behavior, we tested 62 blood culture specimens that have been reported negative by routine automated blood culture method after 5 days of incubation. We used alternative culture media and molecular diagnostic techniques to test these negative culture bottles, and we found a large percentage of bacterial growth by alternative culture media (32%) and by molecular PCR amplification using 16s rDNA primer set and DNA sequencing (69%). The sensitivity of detection by the molecular PCR/sequencing method is significantly higher than by routine automated blood culture. Given the challenge of early diagnosis of sepsis in the hospital setting, it is necessary to develop more sensitive and faster diagnostic tools to guide clinical practice and improve the outcome of sepsis management.

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“…For example, significant increases in circulating bacterial DNA have been reported in venous samples from patients with cardiovascular disease (Dinakaran et al ), type 2 diabetes (Sato et al ) and Crohn’s disease (Gutiérrez et al ). In Crohn’s disease, the presence of circulating bacterial DNA has also been shown to be highly predictive of subsequent relapse (Gutiérrez et al ). The mouse studies examining the effect of ingestion of emulsifiers polysorbate 80 and carboxymethylcellulose (Chassaing et al ), although not directly assessing bacterial translocation across the intestine into the circulation, did report an increase in circulating anti‐lipopolysaccharide and anti‐flagellin antibody in mice consuming emulsifiers, suggesting an altered intestinal permeability and an increased exposure to bacteria‐derived molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food additives: Assessing the impact of exposure to permitted emulsifiers on bowel and metabolic health – introducing the FADiets study

et al. 2019

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Emulsifiers are common components of processed foods consumed as part of a Western diet. Emerging in vitro cell‐line culture, mouse model and human intestinal tissue explant studies have all suggested that very low concentrations of the food emulsifier polysorbate 80 may cause bacterial translocation across the intestinal epithelium, intestinal inflammation and metabolic syndrome. This raises the possibility that dietary emulsifiers might be factors in conditions such as coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes and Crohn's disease. The potential mechanism behind the observed effects of this emulsifier is uncertain but may be mediated via changes in the gut microbiota or by increased bacterial translocation, or both. It is also unknown whether these effects are generalisable across all emulsifiers and detergents, including perhaps the natural emulsifier lecithin or even conjugated bile acids, particularly if the latter escape reabsorption and pass through to the distal ileum or colon. A major objective of the Medical Research Council (MRC)‐funded Mechanistic Nutrition in Health (MECNUT) Emulsifier project is therefore to investigate the underlying mechanisms and effects of a range of synthetic and natural emulsifiers and detergents in vitro and in vivo, and to determine the effects of a commonly consumed emulsifier (soya lecithin) on gut and metabolic health through a controlled dietary intervention study in healthy human volunteers – the FADiets study. This report provides an overview of the relevant literature, discussing the impact of emulsifiers and other additives on intestinal and metabolic health, and gives an overview of the studies being undertaken as part of the MECNUT Emulsifier project.

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Gut Bacterial DNA Translocation is an Independent Risk Factor of Flare at Short Term in Patients With Crohn’s Disease

Cited by 35 publications

References 52 publications

Intestinal Bacteria Composition and Translocation of Bacteria in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Intestinal Bacteria Composition and Translocation of Bacteria in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Alternative Growth Behavior ofMycobacterium AviumSubspecies and Staphylococci with Implications for Clinical Microbiology and Blood Culture

Food additives: Assessing the impact of exposure to permitted emulsifiers on bowel and metabolic health – introducing the FADiets study

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