Gut bacterial taxonomic abundances vary with cognition, personality, and mood in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study

Renson, Audrey; Kasselman, Lora J.; Dowd, Jennifer Beam; Jones, Heidi E.; Herd, Pamela

doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100155

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Megamanus has been associated with all measured psychocognitive traits. 20 In addition, Faecalibacterium was found to be significantly reduced in patients with anxiety disorders compared with healthy controls 21 and was associated with a higher quality of life, 22 which is consistent with the findings of our study. Collectively, several bacteria enriched in the meditation group were associated with the alleviation of mental illness, suggesting that meditation can influence certain bacteria that may have a role in mental health.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Alteration of faecal microbiota balance related to long-term deep meditation

Sun

Xue

et al. 2023

Gen Psych

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BackgroundAdvancements in research have confirmed that gut microbiota can influence health through the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Meditation, as an inner mental exercise, can positively impact the regulation of an individual’s physical and mental health. However, few studies have comprehensively investigated faecal microbiota following long-term (several years) deep meditation. Therefore, we propose that long-term meditation may regulate gut microbiota homeostasis and, in turn, affect physical and mental health.AimsTo investigate the effects of long-term deep meditation on the gut microbiome structure.MethodsTo examine the intestinal flora, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on faecal samples of 56 Tibetan Buddhist monks and neighbouring residents. Based on the sequencing data, linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was employed to identify differential intestinal microbial communities between the two groups. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis was used to predict the function of faecal microbiota. In addition, we evaluated biochemical indices in the plasma.ResultsThe α-diversity indices of the meditation and control groups differed significantly. At the genus level,PrevotellaandBacteroideswere significantly enriched in the meditation group. According to the LEfSe analysis, two beneficial bacterial genera (MegamonasandFaecalibacterium) were significantly enriched in the meditation group. Functional predictive analysis further showed that several pathways—including glycan biosynthesis, metabolism and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis—were significantly enriched in the meditation group. Moreover, plasma levels of clinical risk factors were significantly decreased in the meditation group, including total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B.ConclusionsLong-term traditional Tibetan Buddhist meditation may positively impact physical and mental health. We confirmed that the gut microbiota composition differed between the monks and control subjects. The microbiota enriched in monks was associated with a reduced risk of anxiety, depression and cardiovascular disease and could enhance immune function. Overall, these results suggest that meditation plays a positive role in psychosomatic conditions and well-being.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: General Psychiatrysupporting

confidence: 90%

Alteration of faecal microbiota balance related to long-term deep meditation

Sun

Xue

et al. 2023

Gen Psych

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“…Neisseria can colonize and invade hosts through the expression of surface adhesion proteins and can penetrate mucous membranes of human guts to cause various forms of disease and a high lethality rate , It was reported to be elevated in epileptic patients and has been shown to be involved in mood regulation . Also, higher levels of Cloacibacillus porcorum were discovered in the mouths of individuals who smoke traditional cigarettes compared to never smokers .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Wastewater Microbiome and Population Smoking Rate Identified Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology

Wu,

Zhang,

Chen

et al. 2023

Environ. Health

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Tobacco use is known to cause health damage, partly by changing the mouth, respiratory tract, and gut-related microbiomes. This study aims to identify the associations between the human microbiome detected in domestic wastewater and the population smoking rate. Metagenomic sequencing and a biomarker discovery algorithm were employed to identify microorganisms as potential microbial biomarkers of smoking through wastewater-based epidemiology. Wastewater samples were collected from selected catchments with low and high smoking rates, i.e., 11.2 ± 1.5% and 17.0 ± 1.6%, respectively. Using the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) method, Neisseria, Desulfovibrio, Megamonas, Blautia, Fusicatenibacter, Granulicatella and Enterococcus were suggested as potential biomarker microorganisms. A higher abundance of pathogens, including Neisseria, Eikenella and Haemophilus, was associated with the high smoking rate, likely because of their colonization in smoking-disturbed human guts. The identified potential microbial biomarkers reflect the change of the human gut microbiome due to the long-term smoking behavior. The metagenomic analysis also indicates that smoking upregulates microbial gene expression of genetic information processing, environmental information processing, and cell wall peptidoglycan cleavage, while it downregulates amino acid, lipid, and galactose metabolisms. The findings demonstrate the potential of microbial biomarkers for the surveillance of smoking through a wastewaterbased epidemiology approach.

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“…Ruminococcaceae are found in both human and mouse gut microbiome, but the abundance is higher in humans than in mice (Nguyen et al, 2015). Interestingly, the abundance of Ruminococcaceae in the gut is associated in both positive and negative directions with neurobehavioral measures, depending on which health measures and which brain functions were used (Renson et al, 2020;Sun et al, 2019;Vogt et al, 2017). For example, Ruminococcaceae was associated with lower anger, greater cognitive functions, and varied personality traits in humans (Renson et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the abundance of Ruminococcaceae in the gut is associated in both positive and negative directions with neurobehavioral measures, depending on which health measures and which brain functions were used (Renson et al, 2020;Sun et al, 2019;Vogt et al, 2017). For example, Ruminococcaceae was associated with lower anger, greater cognitive functions, and varied personality traits in humans (Renson et al, 2020). In addition, AD patients showed a reduced abundance of Ruminococcaceae (Vogt et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid metabolism changes in association with neurobehavioral deficits in animal models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Hwang

Imamura

Bari³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) show various behavioral problems due to prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Our previous study found significant changes in gene expressions linked to fatty acid metabolism in the brain of the PAE mouse model. Given the importance of fatty acids in normal brain functions and the contributions to neurodegenerative diseases, we hypothesized that the fatty acids changed by PAE contribute to neurobehavioral deficits in FASD. This study found an increase of palmitic acid and arachidonic acid in phospholipid compositions in the cerebral cortex of PAE at postnatal day 30. The increase of palmitic acid was consistent with the increase of the producing enzyme, fatty acid synthase (Fasn). The decrease of 26:6 fatty acid was also found in phospholipid. It is consistent with the increase of the Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 4 (ELOVL4) which uses 26:6 as a substrate for making very long chain fatty acids. However, there was no increase in the elongated products. Rather, we found an accumulation of the lipid droplets (LDs) in the PAE brain, suggesting changes in fatty acid metabolism that lead to the accumulation of excessive fatty acids. Although metabolic measurements, including plasma triglyceride level, were not affected by PAE, the abundance of fatty acid-related gut microbiota was altered. Interestingly, multi-omics association analysis revealed a potential contribution of the altered gut microbiota, primarily Ruminococcaceae that produces short chain fatty acid, to LD formation in the PAE brain and the behavioral problems, suggesting that the gut microbiome could serve as a tool to facilitate uncovering the brain pathophysiology of FASD and a potential target to mitigate neurobehavioral problems.

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Gut bacterial taxonomic abundances vary with cognition, personality, and mood in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study

Cited by 11 publications

References 56 publications

Alteration of faecal microbiota balance related to long-term deep meditation

Alteration of faecal microbiota balance related to long-term deep meditation

Associations between Wastewater Microbiome and Population Smoking Rate Identified Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology

Fatty acid metabolism changes in association with neurobehavioral deficits in animal models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

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