2023
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1232480
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Gut-brain pathogenesis of post-acute COVID-19 neurocognitive symptoms

Allison M. Plummer,
Yvette L. Matos,
Henry C. Lin
et al.

Abstract: Approximately one third of non-hospitalized coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) patients report chronic symptoms after recovering from the acute stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Some of the most persistent and common complaints of this post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) are cognitive in nature, described subjectively as “brain fog” and also objectively measured as deficits in executive function, working memory, attention, and processing speed. The mechanisms … Show more

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Cited by 17 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…Moreover, the higher choline content in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes compared to neurons may suggest alterations in membrane phospholipids in GP, contributing to abnormal membrane repair processes, synaptic loss, and the formation of amyloid beta peptide. Higher choline contents have been detected in microglia-rich brain regions such as the thalamus ( Urenjak et al, 1993 ; Plummer et al, 2023 ). The observed reduction in NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr in our patients reflects changes in membrane metabolism and neuronal loss.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, the higher choline content in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes compared to neurons may suggest alterations in membrane phospholipids in GP, contributing to abnormal membrane repair processes, synaptic loss, and the formation of amyloid beta peptide. Higher choline contents have been detected in microglia-rich brain regions such as the thalamus ( Urenjak et al, 1993 ; Plummer et al, 2023 ). The observed reduction in NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr in our patients reflects changes in membrane metabolism and neuronal loss.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This summary underscores the critical importance and urgency of using probiotics and advancing research related to cognitive aging. Ongoing studies aim to deepen our understanding of the interactions within the microbiome–gut–brain axis, particularly exploring mechanisms between the gastrointestinal tract and the nervous system [ 122 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 ]. Future research should focus on more precise analyses and explorations of the composition of gut microbiota, identifying which strains are dominantly associated with conditions such as anxiety, depression, Parkinson’s disease, and other psychiatric and cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease [ 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Firstly, there may be a direct viral impact, as SARS-CoV-2 may infect GI epithelial cells, leading to inflammation and tissue damage [116]. Secondly, viral infection and immune response may alter the gut microbiome [118,120,122,123,126,127], possibly contributing to other long COVID manifestations, such as chronic fatigue. Thirdly, the potential consequences of COVID-19-induced systemic inflammation are microvascular injury, affecting blood flow and function in the GI tract [116].…”
Section: Gastrointestinal Manifestationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thirdly, the potential consequences of COVID-19-induced systemic inflammation are microvascular injury, affecting blood flow and function in the GI tract [116]. Additionally, damage to the nerves controlling gut function can lead to motility issues and digestive problems [116,118,123,126,127]. Finally, the persistent shedding of virions from the GI tract is not excluded [180].…”
Section: Gastrointestinal Manifestationsmentioning
confidence: 99%