Gut flora alterations due to lipopolysaccharide derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis

Could Periodontitis Increase the Risk of Suffering from Pancreatic Cancer?—A Systematic Review

“…In total, 13 articles were found associating periodontal disease with an increased prevalence of PC compared to healthy controls without associated periodontal pathology [10,12,14,15,20,23,26,[31][32][33][34][35] (Table 5). The reviewed publications include a total of 1728 patients with PC.…”

“…The reviewed publications include a total of 1728 patients with PC. We analyzed 5 case and control studies [20,23,[31][32][33], 3 cohort studies [12,15,34], 2 cross-sectional [22,35] and 3 in vitro studies [10,14,26]. [32] Case control study Pancreatic cancer n = 18, chronic pancreatitis n = 39, controls n = 119…”

“…In general, all the articles find a significative relationship between both pathologies. In the reviewed literature, we identified three main paths for this association: (1) the presence of common risk factors in both diseases, such as tobacco, obesity, aging, chronic stress and the presence of chronic systemic inflammatory pathologies [22,23]; (2) studies indicating how the periodontal pathogens can cause changes in the intestinal flora, affecting its physiological functions, increasing the risk of cancer [10,14,22,26,31,34,35] and;…”

“…P. gingivalis modifies the inflammatory tumor microenvironment and recruits neutrophils and enhances neutrophil elastase secretion to promote PC [20,31]. Everything points to the fact that alterations in the oral flora towards a more aggressive one, with a predominance of anaerobic Gram-negative periodontopathogens, may facilitate the colonization of said pathogens in other areas of the body, such as the gastro-digestive area [10,14,26]. The infection of these bacteria in pancreatic cells can alter the natural cycle of the cells, increasing their inflammation and cancerous processes [23,26,31,34].…”

Short‐Term Ingestion of Essential Amino Acid Based Nutritional Supplements or Whey Protein Improves the Physical Function of Older Adults Independently of Gut Microbiome

“…[ 42 ] Along with its virulence factors, it enters into blood circulation through various direct and indirect penetration mechanisms and lead to gut dysbiosis by increasing the level of circulating inflammatory cytokines including TNF‐α, IL‐8, and IL‐10, and also affects host's brain and behavior by disrupting microbiota–gut–brain axis. [ 43 ] Recent study with human neuroimaging elucidated the region‐specific detrimental effects mediated by the disruption of normal microbiota–gut–brain signaling. [ 44 ] Age related microbiome changes have also been reported toward a state of immune dysfunction (immune senescence) and low‐grade basal inflammation (inflammaging) in older adults, and these changes could be modulated via dietary interventions like prebiotic/probiotic supplementations, which may serve to boost immune responses.…”