Gut hormone secretion, gastric emptying, and glycemic responses to erythritol and xylitol in lean and obese subjects

Wölnerhanssen, Bettina K.; Cajacob, Lucian; Keller, Nino; Doody, Alison; Rehfeld, Jens F.; Drewe, Jürgen; Peterli, Ralph; Beglinger, Christoph; Meyer‐Gerspach, Anne Christin

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00037.2016

Cited by 99 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The biological mechanisms for the association between artificial sweetener and weight gain are proposed to relate to gut microbiota metabolism (31). Several recent studies of erythritol loading reported no effect on glucose (32,33), consistent with our findings. A study in patients with diabetes reported that erythritol and enrichment of another PPP biomarker (ribose) were increased in patients with diabetic retinopathy, and suggested that polyol pathway flux may yield biomarkers of clinical risk in diabetes (34).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Erythritol is a pentose-phosphate pathway metabolite and associated with adiposity gain in young adults

Hootman

Trezzi

Kraemer

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Metabolomic markers associated with incident central adiposity gain were investigated in young adults. In a 9-mo prospective study of university freshmen (n = 264). Blood samples and anthropometry measurements were collected in the first 3 d on campus and at the end of the year. Plasma from individuals was pooled by phenotype [incident central adiposity, stable adiposity, baseline hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) > 5.05%, HbA1c < 4.92%] and assayed using GC-MS, chromatograms were analyzed using MetaboliteDetector software, and normalized metabolite levels were compared using Welch's t test. Assays were repeated using freshly prepared pools, and statistically significant metabolites were quantified in a targeted GC-MS approach. Isotope tracer studies were performed to determine if the potential marker was an endogenous human metabolite in men and in whole blood. Participants with incident central adiposity gain had statistically significantly higher blood erythritol [P < 0.001, false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.0435], and the targeted assay revealed 15-fold [95% confidence interval (CI): 13.27, 16.25] higher blood erythritol compared with participants with stable adiposity. Participants with baseline HbA1c > 5.05% had 21-fold (95% CI: 19.84, 21.41) higher blood erythritol compared with participants with lower HbA1c (P < 0.001, FDR = 0.00016). Erythritol was shown to be synthesized endogenously from glucose via the pentose-phosphate pathway (PPP) in stable isotope-assisted ex vivo blood incubation experiments and through in vivo conversion of erythritol to erythronate in stable isotope-assisted dried blood spot experiments. Therefore, endogenous production of erythritol from glucose may contribute to the association between erythritol and obesity observed in young adults.erythritol | metabolomics | pentose-phosphate pathway | adiposity | weight gain I n the fall of 2015, an estimated 3.3 million high-school graduates enrolled in postsecondary education as first-time college freshmen (1), and the transition to a residential college environment is associated with weight gain. About 75% of the population experiences weight gain during this transition (2, 3), but there have been few efforts to identify biomarkers of risk that could guide prevention efforts. A study (4) in monozygotic twins discordant for body mass index (BMI) reported divergence at about the age of 18 y, corresponding to a time in life when the environment shifts, and further underscoring the importance of young adulthood in the lifetime trajectory of adiposity and as a window of opportunity for prevention (5).Observational studies of young adults focus on behavioral/environmental risk factors for adiposity gain, with few studies reporting biological markers in relation to either cross-sectional and/or longitudinal changes in adiposity or body weight. A recent overview of intervention studies to prevent weight gain in young adults (6) identified 37 studies; the majority assessed diet, physical activity, and behaviors, with only 10 studies directly measuring change...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Erythritol is a pentose-phosphate pathway metabolite and associated with adiposity gain in young adults

Hootman

Trezzi

Kraemer

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Reduced gastric emptying and increased intestinal propulsion can reduce nutrient absorption and food intake in the intestine [10] , our study found that gastric emptying in diabetic rats increased, which is similar to the clinical manifestations of most patients with type 2 diabetes [11] . This study found that gastric emptying in diabetic rats after intramuscular administration of myo-inositol was delayed, and both normal and diabetic rats showed an increase in the intestinal propulsion rate of the eel, which may be due to the similar structure of myo-inositol and glucose.…”

Section: Discusssupporting

confidence: 72%

The Effects of Myo-inositol on Glucose Metabolic in Diabetes Rats

Yin¹,

Guo²,

Sun³

et al. 2018

ijSciences

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Objective: To observe the myo-inositol on normal and diabetic rats muscle and intestinal glucose uptake. Methods: The rat jejunum was placed in Kb with containing 2.5% -20% myo-inositol and the glucose concentration was detected at 0 and 2 h. The psoas muscle was placed in Kb containing 2.5% -20% myo-inositol Kb (with or without insulin) the glucose concentration was detected at 0 and 1 h. Rats were divided into blank control group, normal muscle myo-inositol group, blank control group of diabetic rats, myo-inositol group of diabetic rats and acarbose group of diabetic rats (DBA) The intestinal propulsion rate and intestinal absorption of glucose in each group were detected. Results: In vitro studies found that myo-inositol can dose-dependently stimulate the absorption of glucose in the jejunum and promote the uptake of glucose by the psoas muscle in a dose-dependent manner. Myo-inositol can delay gastric emptying in diabetic rats, inhibit intestinal absorption of glucose, reduce postprandial blood glucose in diabetic rats and promote the rate of intestinal propulsion in diabetic rats. Conclusion: Myo-inositol can inhibit the intestinal absorption of glucose in glucose rats and promote the glucose uptake in muscle of normal rats and diabetic rats.

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“…Pre-load beverages with aspartame or saccharin also greatly increased preferences for savoury and high-protein food compared to plain water (Rogers et al., 1988). To our knowledge, only one recent study tested the effects of LCBS (Wölnerhanssen et al., 2016). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure of sucrose replacement with the non-nutritive sweetener erythritol to alter GLP-1 or PYY release or test meal size in lean or obese people

et al. 2016

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There is considerable interest in the effect of foods containing high intensity sweeteners on satiation. However, less is known about low-calorie bulk sweeteners such as erythritol. In this randomized three-way crossover study, we studied 10 lean and 10 obese volunteers who consumed three test meals on separate occasions: (a) control sucrose meal; (b) isovolumic meal with partial replacement of sucrose by erythritol; (c) isocaloric meal which contained more erythritol but equivalent calories to the control meal. We measured gut hormone levels, hunger and satiety scores, ad libitum food intake, sucrose preference and intake after the manipulations. There was a greater post-prandial excursion in glucose and insulin levels after sucrose than after the erythritol meals. There was no difference in GLP-1/PYY levels or subsequent energy intake and sucrose preference between sucrose control and isovolumic erythritol meals. In lean (but not obese) participants, hunger decreased to a greater extent after the isocaloric erythritol meal compared to the control meal (p = 0.003) reflecting the larger volume of this meal. Replacing sucrose with erythritol leads to comparable hunger and satiety scores, GLP-1 and PYY levels, and subsequent sucrose preference and intake.

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Gut hormone secretion, gastric emptying, and glycemic responses to erythritol and xylitol in lean and obese subjects

Abstract: Wölnerhanssen BK, Cajacob L, Keller N, Doody A, Rehfeld JF, Drewe J, Peterli R, Beglinger C, Meyer-Gerspach AC. Gut hormone secretion, gastric emptying, and glycemic responses to erythritol and xylitol in lean and obese subjects.

Cited by 99 publications

References 40 publications

Erythritol is a pentose-phosphate pathway metabolite and associated with adiposity gain in young adults

Erythritol is a pentose-phosphate pathway metabolite and associated with adiposity gain in young adults

The Effects of Myo-inositol on Glucose Metabolic in Diabetes Rats

Failure of sucrose replacement with the non-nutritive sweetener erythritol to alter GLP-1 or PYY release or test meal size in lean or obese people

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