Gut hormones: the future of obesity treatment?

McGavigan, Anne K.; Murphy, Kevin G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04278.x

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Other anti-obesity medications currently available or under development target the action of gut hormones (114). Among the gut hormones, the action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been the most studied in individuals with T2DM.…”

Section: Obesity Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Salvia Hispanica L. Seeds on Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Brissette¹,

Jenkins²,

Choleva³

et al. 2013

Canadian Journal of Diabetes

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There is growing interest in the potential role of omega-3/fibre-rich seeds in attenuating obesity and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Preliminary data suggests that consumption of white Salvia hispanica L. (Salba ® ) seeds prolongs satiety and may aid weight loss. This randomized, double-blind, parallel study assessed the efficacy and safety of Salvia hispanica in overweight/obese individuals with T2DM on weight, body composition, glycemic control and other CVD risk factors. Fifty-eight participants consumed a hypocaloric diet including Salvia hispanica or an energy-and-fibre-matched control over 24 weeks. Greater reductions in weight, waist circumference and inflammation occurred in the Salvia hispanica group versus control. There were no significant between-group differences in safety parameters, glycemic control or other CVD risk factors.Salvia hispanica seeds may support weight loss in overweight/obese individuals with T2DM. Further research is needed to determine whether these effects are maintained.iii

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Section: Obesity Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Salvia Hispanica L. Seeds on Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Brissette¹,

Jenkins²,

Choleva³

et al. 2013

Canadian Journal of Diabetes

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show abstract

“…When administered centrally or peripherally, oxyntomodulin has been shown to reduce weight gain in rats, 66,67 and food intake in humans; 68 however, it has short circulating half-life which limits the use of exogenous oxyntomodulin as a means of appetite regulation. 69 Pancreatic polypeptide is released from F-cells of the pancreatic islets in response to food intake. Pancreatic polypeptide has a high affinity for the Y4 receptor, which it is thought to reduce food intake by down-regulating the orexigenic neuropeptide orexin and increasing the anorexigenic brain-derived neurotrophic factor.…”

Section: Short-term or Episodic Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…71 However, pancreatic polypeptide too has a short half-life in vivo, which limits its potential as a treatment for obesity. 69 In response to the ingestion of fat, procolipase is secreted from the exocrine pancreas.…”

Section: Short-term or Episodic Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut fat signaling and appetite control with special emphasis on the effect of thylakoids from spinach on eating behavior

2015

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The metabolic controls of eating are embedded in a neural system that permits an interaction with the environment. The result is an integrated adaptive response that coordinates the internal milieu with the prevailing environment. Securing adequate amounts of fat and optimizing its storage and use has an evolutionary basis. By generating neuronal and endocrine feedback signals, behavior and metabolism could then adapt to fluctuations in food availability. However, in modern society, foods that appeal to the palate are neither in shortage nor are they difficult to procure. These foods can activate brain reward circuitry beyond their evolved 'survival advantage' limits. Many foods high in fat invoke an undeniably pleasurable sensation and could excessively stimulate the brain's reward pathways leading to overeating. However, the high appeal and potential for being eaten in excess notwithstanding, fat has the added distinction of inducing powerful signals in the gut that are transduced to the brain and result in the regulation of appetite. Fatty acids are sensed by G-protein-coupled receptors on enteroendocrine cells which trigger the release of peptides involved in appetite regulation. Lipid sensing may also occur through the fatty acid translocase, CD-36, on enterocytes. Additionally, fat can activate dopaminergic systems affecting reward, to promote an inhibition over eating. Prolonging the presence of fats in the gastrointestinal lumen permits the activation of signaling mechanisms. Thylakoids, found within the chloroplasts of plants, are flattened disc-like membranous vesicles in which the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur. By interacting with lipids and delaying fat digestion, thylakoid membranes promote the release of peptides involved in appetite regulation and may influence the reward system. This review explores gut lipid sensing and signaling in the context of appetite regulation. The effects of thylakoid membranes on eating behavior are also reviewed.

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“…In addition, they lead to side effects, most commonly nausea, cardiovascular events, and psychological side effects [40]. Moreover, effective anti-obesity drugs working on the central nervous system have been withdrawn from the market due to severe side effects, e.g.…”

Section: Appetite Regulation By Targeting Eec Nutrient Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Appetite, Satiation, and Body Weight by Enteroendocrine Cells. Part 2: Therapeutic Potential of Enteroendocrine Cells in the Treatment of Obesity

Posovszky¹,

Wabitsch²

2015

Horm Res Paediatr

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Obesity is an epidemic and medical issue. Investigating the pathways regulating appetite, food intake, and body weight is crucial to find strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity. In the context of therapeutic strategies, we focus here on the potential of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and their secreted hormones in the regulation of body weight. We review the role of the enteroendocrine system during weight loss after lifestyle intervention or after bariatric surgery. We discuss the therapeutic potential of EECs and their hormones as targets for new treatment strategies. In fact, targeting nutrient receptors of EECs with a nutritional approach, pharmaceutical agents or prebiotics delivered to the lumen may provide a promising new approach.

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Gut hormones: the future of obesity treatment?

Cited by 27 publications

References 78 publications

The Effect of Salvia Hispanica L. Seeds on Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The Effect of Salvia Hispanica L. Seeds on Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Gut fat signaling and appetite control with special emphasis on the effect of thylakoids from spinach on eating behavior

Regulation of Appetite, Satiation, and Body Weight by Enteroendocrine Cells. Part 2: Therapeutic Potential of Enteroendocrine Cells in the Treatment of Obesity

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