Gut immune homeostasis: the immunomodulatory role of <i>Bacillus clausii</i>, from basic to clinical evidence

Chew, Rosa María Wong; Castro, Jo-Anne A. de; Morelli, Lorenzo; Perez, Marcos III; Özen, Metehan

doi:10.1080/1744666x.2022.2085559

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Bacillus strains have been recognized as safe and efficacious probiotics, offering, in addition to classic probiotic traits, notably high stability during processing and storage [ 52 ], as well as relatively low production costs [ 53 ]. Microorganisms of B. clausii group stand out from other Bacillus species featuring a distinctive ability to modify immune response in vitro and in vivo [ 54 ]. In the present work we introduced the novel strain of B. clausii CSI08, with a focus on immunomodulatory properties of this potential probiotic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Properties of a Novel Potential Probiotic Bacillus clausii CSI08

et al. 2023

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Spore-forming bacteria of the Bacillus genus have demonstrated potential as probiotics for human use. Bacillus clausii have been recognized as efficacious and safe agents for preventing and treating diarrhea in children and adults, with pronounced immunomodulatory properties during several in vitro and clinical studies. Herein, we characterize the novel strain of B. clausii CSI08 (Munispore®) for probiotic attributes including resistance to gastric acid and bile salts, the ability to suppress the growth of human pathogens, the capacity to assimilate wide range of carbohydrates and to produce potentially beneficial enzymes. Both spores and vegetative cells of this strain were able to adhere to a mucous-producing intestinal cell line and to attenuate the LPS- and Poly I:C-triggered pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in HT-29 intestinal cell line. Vegetative cells of B. clausii CSI08 were also able to elicit a robust immune response in U937-derived macrophages. Furthermore, B. clausii CSI08 demonstrated cytoprotective effects in in vitro cell culture and in vivo C. elegans models of oxidative stress. Taken together, these beneficial properties provide strong evidence for B. clausii CSI08 as a promising potential probiotic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Properties of a Novel Potential Probiotic Bacillus clausii CSI08

et al. 2023

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“…The same scenario was observed in obese patients following a low-calorie diet (low-sugar, fiber-rich, and high-protein intake) [ 20 ]. Modulating the gut microbiota with different diets (rich in fiber) and probiotic supplementation is a promising approach for the treatment and prevention of obesity and other intestinal inflammatory diseases [ 21 ]. In light of this data, the aim of this study was to monitor the microbiota population and heterogeneity in the Italian population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Gut Microbiota Composition in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Population-Based Study

Polidori¹,

Marullo²,

Ialongo

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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(1) Background: A clinical laboratory index to assess gut dysbiosis is the F/B ratio < 0.8. In fact, an elevated proportion of Firmicutes and a reduced population of Bacteroides in diabetes type 2 (T2D) subjects has been observed. This study aimed to detail the dysbiosis status in the Italian population, focusing on some pathogenic spectra (T2D) or metabolic disorders. (2) Material and methods: A quantity of 334 fecal samples was analyzed in order to perform genetic testing and sequencing. (3) Results: A trend in over imbalance was observed in the percentage of Proteobacteria (median value: 6.75%; interquartile range (IQR): 3.57–17.29%). A statistically significant association (χ2p = 0.033) was observed between type of dysbiosis and T2D, corresponding to an Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.86. It was noted that females with cystitis/candidiasis are significantly prevalent in T2D patients (p < 0.01; OR: 3.59; 95% CI: 1.43–8.99). Although, in non-diabetic males, a sugar craving is significantly associated with the rate of dysbiosis in non-diabetic males (p < 0.05; OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.00–1.16). (4) Conclusion: In T2D patients, the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio was biased in favor of Proteobacteria, to be expected due to the nutritional habits of the patients. Thus, T2D females had altered gut permeability favoring the development of infections in the vaginal tract.

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“…Bacillus subtilis is considered an ideal probiotic because of its ability to secrete enzymes, antioxidants, vitamins, peptides, and antimicrobial compounds, which help balance the gut microbiota and aid digestion (Elshaghabee et al, 2017). B. clausii probiotics have been used safely for several decades and have been shown to improve outcomes in acute paediatric diarrhoea, antibiotic-induced diarrhoea, rotavirus infections, necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis, Helicobacter pylori treatment, and respiratory tract infections and allergic rhinitis likely through antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, as well as improving mucosal barrier function (Wong-Chew et al, 2022). Bacillus megaterium, despite having moderate activity at degrading carbohydrates, proteins, lipids as well as having phosphatase activity (Elshaghabee et al, 2017) has not yet been investigated in clinical studies.…”

Section: Evaluation Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Bacillus clausii CSI08, Bacillus megaterium MIT411 and a Bacillus cocktail on gastrointestinal health: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study

Rea

Colom

Simon

et al. 2023

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In the present study, the safety, tolerance and impact of 1×109 cfu Bacillus clausii CSI08, 1×109 cfu Bacillus megaterium MIT411 and a probiotic cocktail containing Bacillus subtilis DE111®, Bacillus megaterium MIT411, Bacillus coagulans CGI314, and Bacillus clausii CSI08 with a total count of 2.0×109 cfu administered daily were assessed as compared with a maltodextrin containing placebo control. A total of 98 study participants received daily doses for 45 days, followed by a washout period of 2 weeks. A questionnaire to capture the incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract, urinary tract and/or gastrointestinal complaints and a diary to capture stool regularity and consistency was kept daily to record compliance throughout the 45 days. Faecal and blood samples were collected for microbiological and haematological analysis at the start and end of the treatment period. The probiotic cocktail significantly decreased the incidence of loose stools throughout the entire study. The recorded respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal symptoms, defecation frequency and other stool consistency were not influenced. No clinically relevant changes in blood parameters, such as liver and kidney function and no serious adverse events appeared during and after administration. There were no changes in symptoms including sadness, irritability, energy, appetite, tension, stress, sleep, cardiovascular events, aches and pains, and dizziness as determined by a mood questionnaire administered to participants at baseline and at the end of the treatment period. Similarly, the measured inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant levels, cholesterol, triglycerides, free amino acids or minerals remained unaffected. There were no negative changes in alpha or beta diversity of the microbiota with any of the treatment groups. These promising data suggest that these treatments were safe and well tolerated, and further work with larger cohorts are justified to determine the efficacy of these potential probiotics in select demographic groups. Trial registration number with clinicaltrials.gov at NCT 04758845.

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Gut immune homeostasis: the immunomodulatory role of Bacillus clausii, from basic to clinical evidence

Cited by 16 publications

References 131 publications

Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Properties of a Novel Potential Probiotic Bacillus clausii CSI08

Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Properties of a Novel Potential Probiotic Bacillus clausii CSI08

Characterization of Gut Microbiota Composition in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Population-Based Study

Evaluation of Bacillus clausii CSI08, Bacillus megaterium MIT411 and a Bacillus cocktail on gastrointestinal health: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study

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