Gut microbes alter the walking activity of fruit flies

Douglas, Angela E.

doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07080-y

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Symbiosis is a widespread phenomenon in nature, and its relevance in evolution has been widely demonstrated, insects being one of the most studied groups. Many insects harbor a complex microbiome playing important roles for the host ( 1 – 3 ), being the gut microbiota one of the more intensely studied. Additionally, about 15% of insects have established an endosymbiotic relationship with one (or few) bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interkingdom Gut Microbiome and Resistome of the Cockroach Blattella germanica

et al. 2021

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Cockroaches are intriguing animals with two coexisting symbiotic systems, an endosymbiont in the fat body, involved in nitrogen metabolism, and a gut microbiome whose diversity, complexity, role, and developmental dynamics have not been fully elucidated. In this work, we present a metagenomic approach to study Blattella germanica populations not treated, treated with kanamycin, and recovered after treatment, both naturally and by adding feces to the diet, with the aim of better understanding the structure and function of its gut microbiome along the development as well as the characterization of its resistome. IMPORTANCE For the first time, we analyze the interkingdom hindgut microbiome of this species, including bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses. Network analysis reveals putative cooperation between core bacteria that could be key for ecosystem equilibrium. We also show how antibiotic treatments alter microbiota diversity and function, while both features are restored after one untreated generation. Combining data from B. germanica treated with three antibiotics, we have characterized this species’ resistome. It includes genes involved in resistance to several broad-spectrum antibiotics frequently used in the clinic. The presence of genetic elements involved in DNA mobilization indicates that they can be transferred among microbiota partners. Therefore, cockroaches can be considered reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and potential transmission vectors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interkingdom Gut Microbiome and Resistome of the Cockroach Blattella germanica

et al. 2021

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“…Furthermore, they showed that this recovery effect was due to the acetic acid produced by A. pomorum modulating the larval insulin signaling pathway [46]. It is becoming clear that gut microbiome can influence a variety of Drosophila phenotypes, including aging and behavior [47][48][49]. Although there have been fewer studies of the gut microbiome in Drosophila than in mice, Fig.…”

Section: The History Physiology and Anatomy Of Drosophilamentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila as a Model for Microbiota Studies of Neurodegeneration

Kitani-Morii

Friedland

Yoshida

et al. 2021

JAD

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Accumulating evidence show that the gut microbiota is deeply involved not only in host nutrient metabolism but also in immune function, endocrine regulation, and chronic disease. In neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the gut-brain axis, the bidirectional interaction between the brain and the gut, provides new route of pathological spread and potential therapeutic targets. Although studies of gut microbiota have been conducted mainly in mice, mammalian gut microbiota is highly diverse, complex, and sensitive to environmental changes. Drosophila melanogaster, a fruit fly, has many advantages as a laboratory animal: short life cycle, numerous and genetically homogenous offspring, less ethical concerns, availability of many genetic models, and low maintenance costs. Drosophila has a simpler gut microbiota than mammals and can be made to remain sterile or to have standardized gut microbiota by simple established methods. Research on the microbiota of Drosophila has revealed new molecules that regulate the brain-gut axis, and it has been shown that dysbiosis of the fly microbiota worsens lifespan, motor function, and neurodegeneration in AD and PD models. The results shown in fly studies represents a fundamental part of the immune and proteomic process involving gut-microbiota interactions that are highly conserved. Even though the fly’s gut microbiota are not simple mimics of humans, flies are a valuable system to learn the molecular mechanisms of how the gut microbiota affect host health and behavior.

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“…The presence of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of insects can be explained by environmental bacteria ingested with food and/or acquired by maternal transfer (Engel & Moran, 2013). A growing number of studies have addressed the importance of the microbiota in the GI tract of insects (Engel & Moran, 2013;Chen et al, 2016;Douglas, 2018), and Enterococcus is one of the most frequent bacterial genera present in the gut microbiota at different life stages of Lepidoptera (Brinkmann, Matens & Tebbe, 2008;Chen et al, 2016;Snyman et al, 2016;van Shooten et al, 2018;Allonsius et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Antimicrobial resistance and genetic relationships of enterococci from siblings and non-siblings Heliconius erato phyllis caterpillars (v0.1)"

2020

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Background: Studies evaluating bacteria in insects can provide information about host-microorganism-environment interactions. The gut microbial community has a profound effect on different physiological functions of insects. Enterococcus spp. are part of the gut community in humans and other animals, as well as in insects. The presence and antimicrobial resistance profileof enterococci are well studied in different animals; however, data for Heliconius erato phyllis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) do not yet exist. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate the distribution of enterococcal species, their antimicrobial resistance profile and virulence genes, and the genetic relationships betweenenterococci isolated from fecal samples from sibling and non-sibling H. erato phyllis caterpillars collected from different sites in South Brazil. Methods: Three H. erato phyllis females were captured (two from a forest fragment and one from an urban area), and kept individually in open-air insectaries. Eggs were collected and caterpillars (siblings and non-siblings) were fed daily with Passiflora suberosa leaves. Fecal samples (n = 12) were collected from fifth-instar caterpillars, inoculated in selective medium, and 15 bacterial colonies were randomly selected from each sample. Enterococci were identified by PCR and MALDI-TOF, analyzed by disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility tests, and screened for resistance and virulence genes by PCR. The genetic relationships between the strains were determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: A total of 178 enterococci strains were identified: E. casseliflavus (74.15%; n = 132),E. mundtii (21.34%; n = 38), E. faecalis (1.12%; n = 2) and Enterococcus sp. (3.37%; n = 6). High rates of resistance to rifampicin (56%) and erythromycin (31%) were observed; 120 (67.41%) of the isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic and six (3.37%) were multidrug-resistant.None of the erythromycin-resistant strains was positive for the erm(B) and msrC genes. The virulence genes esp, ace, and gelE were observed in 35%, 7%, and 1% of the strains, respectively. PFGE separated the enterococci into 22 patterns, four being composed of strains from sibling caterpillars. Conclusion: Enterococcus casseliflavus was the dominant species in fecal samples of fifth-instar caterpillars. Resistant enterococci strains may be related to environmental pollution or the resistome. The PFGE analysis showed genetic relationships between some strains, suggesting that the enterococci

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Gut microbes alter the walking activity of fruit flies

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Interkingdom Gut Microbiome and Resistome of the Cockroach Blattella germanica

Interkingdom Gut Microbiome and Resistome of the Cockroach Blattella germanica

Drosophila as a Model for Microbiota Studies of Neurodegeneration

Peer Review #1 of "Antimicrobial resistance and genetic relationships of enterococci from siblings and non-siblings Heliconius erato phyllis caterpillars (v0.1)"

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