Gut Microbes Reveal Pseudomonas Medicates Ingestion Preference via Protein Utilization and Cellular Homeostasis Under Feed Domestication in Freshwater Drum, Aplodinotus grunniens

Abstract

With strong demand for aquatic products, as well as a rapid decrease in global fishery resources and capture fisheries, domesticating animals to provide more high-quality proteins is meaningful for humans. Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) is widely distributed in the wild habitats of North America. However, the research on A. grunniens and the feed domestication with diets composed of artificial compounds remains unclear. In this study, a 4-month feeding domestication experiment was conducted with A. grunniens larvae to evaluate the underlying mechanism and molecular targets responsible for alternations in the ingestion performance. The results indicated that a significant increase in the final body weight was exhibited by the feed domesticated group (DOM, 114.8 g) when compared to the group that did not ingest the feed (WT, 5.3 g) as the latest version we raised From the result, the final body weight exhibited significant increase between unfavorable with the feed (WT, 5.3 g) and feed domesticated group (DOM, 114.8 g). In addition, the enzyme activity of digestive enzymes like amylase, lipase, and trypsin was increased in DOM. Genes related to appetite and perception, such as NPY4R, PYY, and LEPR, were activated in DOM. 16s rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed that Pseudomonas sp. increased from 58.74% to 89.77% in DOM, which accounts for the dominant upregulated microbial community at the genus level, followed by Plesiomonas. Analogously, Mycobacterium, Methylocystis, and Romboutsia also accounted for the down-regulated microbes in the diversity. Transcriptome and RT-PCR analysis revealed that feed domestication significantly improved protein digestion and absorption, inhibited apoptosis by AGE-RAGE signaling, and activated extracellular matrix remodeling by relaxin signaling. Integrated analysis of the microbiome and host transcriptome revealed that Pseudomonas-mediated ingestion capacity, protein utilization, and cellular homeostasis might be the underlying mechanism under feed domestication. These results indicate Pseudomonas and its key genes relating to food ingestion and digestion could serve as the molecular targets for feed domestication and sustainable development in A. grunniens.

PPAR Signaling Maintains Metabolic Homeostasis under Hypothermia in Freshwater Drum (Aplodinotus grunniens)

“…Such latitude distribution indicates A. grunniens could adapt to a wide range of water temperatures. A. grunniens has a high edible proportion due to its thick back muscles, and the flesh is delicious, nutritious, abundant in protein, amino acids, and fatty acids [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. These visible characteristics show the potential of A. grunniens cultivation to offer high-quality proteins to human beings [ 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

“…A. grunniens has a high edible proportion due to its thick back muscles, and the flesh is delicious, nutritious, abundant in protein, amino acids, and fatty acids [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. These visible characteristics show the potential of A. grunniens cultivation to offer high-quality proteins to human beings [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Nevertheless, there are still limited resources in domestication, aquaculture, and management practices for the species.…”

“…For these promising foregrounds, we introduced the A. grunniens larval form USA in 2016 and made a significant breakthrough on the artificial breeding and cultivation three years later. This offered a great progress and prospect for aquaculture [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. It is reported that A. grunniens can reproduce under temperatures between 22 °C and 30 °C [ 28 ].…”

Hypothermia-Mediated Apoptosis and Inflammation Contribute to Antioxidant and Immune Adaption in Freshwater Drum, Aplodinotus grunniens

“…It is the only species in the genus of Aplodinotus that perpetually inhabits freshwater [ 23 ]. It is characterized by its abundant nutritional value, scrumptious meat quality, non-intermuscular fishbones, and so on [ 24 ]. Therefore, the future of freshwater drum culture seems promising.…”

“…Therefore, the future of freshwater drum culture seems promising. With these prospects, we imported the freshwater drum larvae from the USA in 2016 and achieved a milestone in artificial farming and breeding in 2019, which provided a breakthrough for aquaculture [ 24 ]. According to past studies, freshwater drum is adaptive to water temperatures between 7 and 30 °C [ 25 ].…”