Gut microbial alterations in neonatal jaundice pre- and post-treatment

Abstract

Neonatal jaundice is a common disease that affects up to 60% of new-borns. Herein, we performed a comparative analysis of the gut microbiome in neonatal jaundice and non-neonatal jaundice infants and identified gut microbial alterations in neonatal jaundice pre- and post-treatment. We prospectively collected 232 faecal samples from 51 infants at 5 time points (0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months). Finally, 114 samples from 6 neonatal jaundice infants (NJI) and 19 non-NJI completed MiSeq sequencing and analysis. We characterized the gut microbiome and identified microbial differences and gene functions. Meconium microbial diversity from NJI was decreased compared with that from non-NJI. The genus Gemella was decreased in NJI versus non-NJI. Eleven predicted microbial functions, including fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase III and pyruvate carboxylase subunit B, decreased, while 3 functions, including acetyl-CoA acyltransferase, increased in NJI. After treatments, the microbial community presented significant alteration-based beta diversity. The phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were increased, while Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria were decreased. Microbial alterations were also analysed between 6 recovered NJI and 19 non-NJI. The gut microbiota was unique in the meconium microbiome from NJI, implying that early gut microbiome intervention could be promising for the management of neonatal jaundice. Alterations of gut microbiota from NJI can be of great value to bolster evidence-based prevention against ‘bacterial dysbiosis’.

Beneficial changes in gut microbiota after phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

“…These data indicate that the gut microbiota are important participants in the bilirubin metabolism. An increase in diversity and abundance is a common manifestation of gut microbiota disorders in NH (17,18). The present study found that 24 h of phototherapy markedly reduced the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora, suggesting that phototherapy may also partially reverse the microflora changes caused by NH.…”

“…S. salivarius can release bacteriocins (salivary A5 and B) (23-25), thereby antagonizing opportunistic or pathogenic bacteria. As aforementioned, the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiota in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia are increased and contain a number of opportunistic pathogens (17,18). Therefore, the increase in the abundance of S. salivarius after phototherapy may partially improve intestinal defense function.…”

Investigating prenatal and perinatal factors on meconium microbiota: a systematic review and cohort study

“…This implies that if the colonization process starts in utero or during birth, interventions to influence the composition of the infant’s gut microbiota may need to be started early. The importance of an early intervention is emphasized by previous reports that the meconium microbiota has been found to be associated with the subsequent health of the infants, such as neonatal jaundice, 46 , 61 , 62 NEC, 40 , 60 , 63 , 64 allergies and atopy, 65 , 66 disrupted infant growth, 10 , 53 , 67 – 71 early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) 60 , 72 , 73 and other conditions. 9 , 60 , 74 – 76 One possible intervention to alter the gut microbiota may be the use of probiotics, which have been found to have a positive effect on the newborn gut.…”

Effects of photo-biomodulation on Gut Microbiota: A Meta-analysis Based on 16S rRNA Sequencing Data

“…After organizing the sequencing data and summarizing metadata from the mapping les (the mapping le from Bosman et al ( 16) was obtained through email), Vsearch v2.14.2 (18) and Usearch v11.0.667 (19) were applied for sequence preprocessing. Vsearch was rst used to merge the sequencing data with paired reads (15,16,20,21), and remove the barcodes, primers and redundancy, while non-cluster denoising was performed using Usearch. A high-quality ltered sequence with more than 97% consistency was clustered to obtain amplicon sequence variants (ASVs).…”