Gut Microbial Metabolites on Host Immune Responses in Health and Disease

Yoon, Jeongmin; Do, Jun-Soo; Velankanni, Priyanka; Lee, Choong-Gu; Kwon, Ho-Keun

doi:10.4110/in.2023.23.e6

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…Neurons in the CNS are highly susceptible to oxidative stress (Figure 6), which causes chronic inflammation and ultimately demyelination and neurodegeneration [169,170]. Bacterial metabolites (small molecules released by gut bacteria) are known to alter the levels of multiple sclerosis (MS) [170,171] and may be used as biomarkers in MS. Yoon et al [172] have shown changes in the levels of SCFAs such as acetate, propionate, and butyric acid in individuals with MS. Studies with mice have shown that SCFAs released from gut microbiota have anti-inflammatory properties through anti-inflammatory cytokine production and restore BBB integrity [99,173,174]. This is summarized in Figure 6.…”

Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Bacteria Provide Genetic and Molecular Reporter Systems to Identify Specific Diseases

Dicks

2024

IJMS

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With genetic information gained from next-generation sequencing (NGS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), it is now possible to select for genes that encode reporter molecules that may be used to detect abnormalities such as alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), cancer, cognitive impairment, multiple sclerosis (MS), diabesity, and ischemic stroke (IS). This, however, requires a thorough understanding of the gut–brain axis (GBA), the effect diets have on the selection of gut microbiota, conditions that influence the expression of microbial genes, and human physiology. Bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a major role in gut homeostasis, maintain intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), and regulate the immune system, neurological, and endocrine functions. Changes in butyrate levels may serve as an early warning of colon cancer. Other cancer-reporting molecules are colibactin, a genotoxin produced by polyketide synthetase-positive Escherichia coli strains, and spermine oxidase (SMO). Increased butyrate levels are also associated with inflammation and impaired cognition. Dysbiosis may lead to increased production of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (OX-LDLs), known to restrict blood vessels and cause hypertension. Sudden changes in SCFA levels may also serve as a warning of IS. Early signs of ARLD may be detected by an increase in regenerating islet-derived 3 gamma (REG3G), which is associated with changes in the secretion of mucin-2 (Muc2). Pro-inflammatory molecules such as cytokines, interferons, and TNF may serve as early reporters of MS. Other examples of microbial enzymes and metabolites that may be used as reporters in the early detection of life-threatening diseases are reviewed.

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Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Bacteria Provide Genetic and Molecular Reporter Systems to Identify Specific Diseases

Dicks

2024

IJMS

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“…Einen positiven Einfluss auf die Darm-Permeabilität und mögliche Translokation von Bakterien zeigen kurzkettige Fettsäuren (SCFA), die wahrscheinlich anti-inflammatorisch wirken [30]. Die SCFAs Butyrat (C4), Acetat (C2) und Propionat (C3) entstehen durch eine bakterielle Fermentation von Ballaststoffen (BS) im Darm [39]. Als BS lassen sich vereinfacht Verbindungen von Kohlenhydratpolymeren zusammenfassen [40].…”

Section: Ballaststoffe Und Kurzkettige Fettsäurenunclassified

Rheumatoide Arthritis und das intestinale Mikrobiom – Ein potentieller Faktor in der Pathogenese der RA

Heidt,

Reuss-Borst

2023

Aktuelle Rheumatologie

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ZusammenfassungDie rheumatoide Arthritis (RA) ist eine chronische, entzündliche, systemische Autoimmunerkrankung, die chronisch progredient verläuft und zu schweren strukturellen Schäden und Funktionseinschränkungen führen kann. Ihre Pathogenese ist komplex und nicht abschließend verstanden. Neben genetischen, scheinen vor allem Umweltfaktoren eine wichtige Rolle zu spielen. Der Darm bildet die „innere Grenze“ zur Umwelt und kommt mit vielen Umweltfaktoren in Kontakt. Daher rückt der Darm in den letzten Jahren und mit ihm das Mikrobiom zunehmend (wieder) in den Fokus der Wissenschaft. Immer mehr evidente Befunde zeigen, dass die Mikrobiom-Darm-Gelenk-Achse eine wichtige Rolle bei der RA darstellt. Mikrobielle Dysbiose sowie eine intakte Darmbarriere („leaky gut“) und daraus resultierende bakterielle Translokation stellen potentielle Faktoren in der RA-Pathogenese dar. Hier fassen wir die derzeit bekannte Rolle der intestinalen Mikrobiota für Entstehung und Verlauf der RA zusammen. Wir betrachten dabei die neuesten Erkenntnisse auf dem Gebiet der Mikrobiomforschung und beschreiben den Zusammenhang zwischen intestinaler Dysbiose, intakte Barrierefunktion, bakterielle Translokation, adaptive Immunantwort sowie einen möglichen diätetischen Therapieansatz.

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“…WANG et al[48] demonstrated the importance of gut microbiome-derived succinate in the pathogenesis of ALI. Butyrate is among important metabolites involved in the management of in ammatory diseases [49].The main human intestinal butyrate-producing bacteria are Lachnospiraceae (Coprococcus, Eubacterium, Anaerostipes, Roseburia), Ruminococcaceae (Faecalibacterium, Subdoligranulum), Erysipelotrichaceae (Holdemanella) [50,51]. Actinobacteria, especially Bi dobacterial genus, can produce acetate and lactate during carbohydrate fermentation, which in turn can be converted into butyrate by other colon bacteria through cross-feeding interactions [52].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Snpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal effects of gut microbiota on ARDS: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Yang,

Guo,

Xia

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background A growing number of studies showed that altered gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of ARDS. However, the potential causal relationship remained unclear. Herein, we adopted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and ARDS. Methods We used publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data to perform MR analysis. Gut microbiota GWAS were obtained from the MiBioGen study and summary-level GWAS dataset for ARDS were obtained from the IEU OpenGWAS Project. MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW), simple mode and weighted mode methods were used to investigate the causal relationship and IVW method was considered as the primary approach. Additionally, a set of sensitivity analyses, including the MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran’s Q test, and leave-one-out test, were carried out to evaluate the robustness of our findings. Results Our study identified eight microbial taxa that were causally associated with ARDS risk. The increased abundance of Phylum Actinobacteria(odds ratio [OR]: 0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.07-0.68, P=0.008), genus Intestinibacter(OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.16–0.98, P=0.045) and genus Eubacterium ruminantium group (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.27–1.00, P=0.049) were negatively associated with the risk of ARDS, while the abundance of genus Victivallis (OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.22–5.35, P=0.013), class Erysipelotrichia(OR:3.69 , 95% CI: 1.06-12.82, P=0.040), order Erysipelotrichales(OR:3.69, 95%CI:1.06-12.82,P=0.040), family Erysipelotrichaceae(OR: 3.69, 95% CI: 1.06-12.82, P=0.040), and genus Ruminococcaceae UCG014 (OR:2.92, 95% CI: 1.02-8.34, P=0.044) were positively correlated with the risk of ARDS. Sensitivity analysis revealed no evidence of heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Conclusions This study is the first to provide suggestive evidence for a causal relationship between certain gut microbiota and the risk of ARDS, providing valuable insights into the pathogenesis of microbiota-mediated ARDS and potential targets for ARDS treatment.

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Gut Microbial Metabolites on Host Immune Responses in Health and Disease

Cited by 14 publications

References 169 publications

Gut Bacteria Provide Genetic and Molecular Reporter Systems to Identify Specific Diseases

Gut Bacteria Provide Genetic and Molecular Reporter Systems to Identify Specific Diseases

Rheumatoide Arthritis und das intestinale Mikrobiom – Ein potentieller Faktor in der Pathogenese der RA

Causal effects of gut microbiota on ARDS: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

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