Gut Microbiome Analysis Identifies Potential Etiological Factors in Acute Gastroenteritis

Abstract

The morbidity and mortality resulting from acute gastroenteritis and associated chronic sequelae represent a substantial burden on health care systems worldwide. Few studies have investigated changes in the gut microbiome following an episode of acute gastroenteritis. By using nondirected 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, the fecal microbiota of 475 patients with acute gastroenteritis was examined. Patient age was correlated with the overall microbial composition, with a decrease in the abundance of being observed in older patients. We observed the emergence of a potential-dominated enterotype in a subset of patients, and this enterotype was predicted to be more proinflammatory than the other common enterotypes, with the latter being dominated by or The increased abundance of did not appear to be associated with infection with an agent of a similar sequence similarity. Stool color and consistency were associated with the diversity and composition of the microbiome, with deviations from the norm (not brown and solid) showing increases in the abundances of bacteria such as and Analysis of enriched outliers within the data identified a range of genera previously associated with gastrointestinal diseases, including, ,, ,, ,, and Our data represent the first in-depth analysis of gut microbiota in acute gastroenteritis. Phenotypic changes in stool color and consistency were associated with specific changes in the microbiota. Enriched bacterial taxa were detected in cases where no causative agent was identified by using routine diagnostic tests, suggesting that in the future, microbiome analyses may be utilized to improve diagnostics.

Microbiota- and Radiotherapy-Induced Gastrointestinal Side-Effects (MARS) Study: A Large Pilot Study of the Microbiome in Acute and Late-Radiation Enteropathy

“…Decreased bacterial diversity was consistently associated with radiation enteropathy in all three cohorts, and we conclude that this observation is not random, although results in two of our cohorts were nonsignificant. A less diverse microbiota associates with other forms of colitis, including IBD, IBS, and infective colitis, as well as with diseases such as obesity and autoimmune diseases (37,38). Associations between acute radiation enteropathy and reduced diversity have also been reported by other authors (6,(20)(21)(22)(23).…”

Stool pattern is associated with prevalence of tumorigenic bacteria of the microbiota and plasma and fecal fatty acids in healthy Japanese adults

“…This model has also illustrated an association with gut homeostasis activities, including renewal of the mature epithelium and occurrence of crypt ssion [25]. Stool status variables, such as shape [12,13], frequency [12,15], and color [16] have been associated with higher microbial species richness pro les from fecal analysis in healthy individuals and patients with acute gastroenteritis. Our results support these ndings.…”

“…Stool status variables, such as stool shape [12][13][14], frequency [12,15], and color [16] have been associated with potentially adverse gut microbiome pro les from fecal analysis in healthy individuals and in patients with acute gastroenteritis. Using a stool pattern approach, which considers a more comprehensive overview of the stool status, could provide more interpretable ndings than studying single stool exams since some stool status variables are related to each other, such as stool frequency and shape [12].…”

Post-infection irritable bowel syndrome in the tropical and subtropical regions: Vibrio cholerae is a new cause of this well-known condition

“…This may result from a complex interaction between the microbiota and host immune system, which reduces the response to GI infections [56]. Gut microbiota analysis identified potential etiological factors in acute gastroenteritis [57]. In a prospective study, the abattoir workers developing Campylobacter jejuni infection had increased levels of Bacteroides species prior to infection compared with those who did not develop an infection.…”