Gut Microbiome of a Multiethnic Community Possessed No Predominant Microbiota

Abstract

With increasing globalisation, various diets from around the world are readily available in global cities. This study aimed to verify if multiethnic dietary habits destabilised the gut microbiome in response to frequent changes, leading to readily colonisation of exogenous microbes. This may have health implications. We profiled Singapore young adults of different ethnicities for dietary habits, faecal type, gut microbiome and cytokine levels. Subjects were challenged with Lactobacillus casei, and corresponding changes in microbiome and cytokines were evaluated. Here, we found that the majority of young adults had normal stool types (73% Bristol Scale Types 3 and 4) and faecal microbiome categorised into three clusters, irrespective of race and gender. Cluster 1 was dominated by Bacteroides, Cluster 2 by Prevotella, while Cluster 3 showed a marginal increase in Blautia, Ruminococaceae and Ruminococcus, without a predominant microbiota. These youngsters in the three faecal microbiome clusters preferred Western high sugary beverages, Southeast Asian plant-rich diet and Asian/Western diets in rotation, respectively. Multiethnic dietary habits (Cluster 3) led to a gut microbiome without predominant microbiota yet demonstrated colonisation resistance to Lactobacillus. Although Bacteroides and Prevotella are reported to be health-promoting but also risk factors for some illnesses, Singapore-style dietary rotation habits may alleviate Bacteroides and Prevotella associated ill effects. Different immunological outcome was observed during consumption of the lactobacilli among the three microbiome clusters.

Analysis of gut microbiotal diversity in healthy young adults in Sunan County, Gansu Province, China

“…Prevotella belongs to the Bacteroides order of the phylum Bacteroidetes, there was a significant negative association with a high-calorie diet and Chinese baijiu intake and a significant positive association with rice and its products. Interestingly, this result is consistent with the most recent dietary and gut microbiota research, a low-calorie diet and a higher intake of rice and its products increase the abundance of Prevotella ( Mohammadzadeh et al., 2021 ; Thwe et al., 2021 ; Losno et al., 2021 ). Currently found in metabolic studies of Prevotella, it mainly participates in carbohydrate metabolism, promoting intestinal-nutrient absorption and resisting insulin to improve glucose metabolism ( Pedersen et al, 2016 ; Aslaner et al., 2022 ).…”

Special Issue “Gut Microbioma Structure and Functions in Human Health and Disease”: Editorial

“…One of the most recognized drivers of the gut microbiota is food. Khine et al investigated whether foods of different origins in random rotation could destabilise gut microbiota, allowing orally introduced exogenous microbes to be colonised [ 17 ]. Their research demonstrated that random rotation in food choice balances the gut microbiota profile, leading to a non-predominant enterotype, and does not alter the capability of gut microbiota to be resistant to new possible colonizers penetrated via an oral route.…”