Gut microbiome profiling and colorectal cancer in African Americans and Caucasian Americans

Farhana, Lulu; Antaki, Fadi; Murshed, Farhan; Mahmud, Hamidah; Judd, Stephanie; Nangia‐Makker, Pratima; Levi, Edi; Yu, Yingjie; Majumdar, Adhip P.N.

doi:10.4291/wjgp.v9.i2.47

Cited by 50 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…T. forsythia "contributes to the growth of a partner species, Fusobacterium nucleatum, in co-biofilms" [19]. F. nucleatum is associated with the precancerous serrated adenoma of the proximal colon [20] and various cancers [21,22].…”

Section: Microbiome (Tab 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome and morbid obesity increase pathogenic stimulus diversity

Brücher

Jamall

2019

4open

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The microbiome, the relationship between environmental factors, a high-fat diet, morbid obesity, and host response have been associated with cancer, only a small fraction of which (<10%) are genetically triggered. This nongenetic association is underpinned by a worldwide increase in morbid obesity, which is associated with both insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. The connection of the microbiome and morbid obesity is reinforced by an approximate shift of about 47% in the estimated total number of bacteria and an increase from 38,000,000,000,000 in a reference man to 56,000,000,000,000 in morbid obesity leading to a disruption of the microbial ecology within the gut. Humans contain 6,000,000,000 microbes and more than 90% of the cells of the human body are microorganisms. Changes in the microflora of the gut are associated with the polarization of ion channels by butyrate, thereby influencing cell growth. The decrease in the relative proportion of Bacteroidetes together with a change in the fermentation of carbohydrates by bacteria is observed in morbid obesity. The disruption of homeostasis of the microflora in the obese changes signaling and crosstalk of several pathways, resulting in inflammation while suppressing apoptosis. The interactions between the microbiome and morbid obesity are important to understand signaling and crosstalk in the context of the progression of the six-step sequence of carcinogenesis. This disruption of homeostasis increases remodeling of the extracellular matrix and fibrosis followed by the none-resolvable precancerous niche as the internal pathogenic stimuli continue. The chronic stress explains why under such circumstances there is a greater proclivity for normal cells to undergo the transition to cancer cells.

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Section: Microbiome (Tab 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome and morbid obesity increase pathogenic stimulus diversity

Brücher

Jamall

2019

4open

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“…Parabacteroides distasonis (Pa.d.) has been reported abundant in mice's stools and inversely associated with intestinal tumor burden and IL-1β concentrations [26]. In their report, the Authors attributed to Pa.d.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Gut Microbiota Imbalance is Related to Sporadic Colorectal Neoplasms. A Pilot Study

et al. 2019

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1) Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) development is sustained by multiple factors including the gut microbiota, as suggested by a growing body of evidence. Most CRCs have a sporadic (non-hereditary) onset and develop from sporadic colorectal adenomas/polyp (SCA/P). In the present study, we investigated the characteristic of anaerobic microorganisms in stool samples obtained from 20 patients with SCA/P and 20 subjects without evidence of proliferative lesions at colonoscopy (Controls). (2) Material and Methods: We designed this clinical trial using adaptive randomization by minimization. Selective culture media and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry techniques were used to identify the components of microbiota. The data obtained revealed a different variability of gut microbiota in stool samples of controls and SCA/P subjects. (3) Results: The most interesting difference was observed for Bacteroides species, which represent the 50% of all bacterial species identified in the stool samples: two species, Bacteroides stercoris and Parabacteroides distasonis, were found only in the feces from control group, whereas Bacteroides fragilis and Prevotella melaningenica species were presents only in SCA/P patients. Among Gram+ bacteria also, specific species were found in the two groups of feces: Clostridium clostridioforme, Propionibacterium avidum and Pediococcus pentasaceus were identified only in controls, while Eubacterium limosum, Clostridium innocuum and Corybebacterium xerosus were identified in SCA/P stool samples only. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that, compared to control stool samples, a different intestinal microbiota is present in SCA/P stool samples, that may create a micro-environment predisposing for the development of proliferative phenomena. As a consequence, gut microbiota manipulation could be a future target for personalized treatments. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, L.P., M.B. and L.S.; Methodology, L.P., M.B. and L.S.; validation, L.P., M.B. and A.M.; investigation, L.P., M.B., A.M. and L.S.; resources, A.D.L.; data curation, M.B., M.T.V., and L.S.; writing-original draft preparation, L.P., M.B. and L.D.; writing-review and editing, L.P., M.B. and L.S.; visualization, M.B. and M.T.; supervision, A.D.L.; project administration, L.P., M.B. and L.S; funding acquisition, M.B. and A.D. Funding: This paper has been partly funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research-PON-BIOMIS 2018 (Project: Costituzione della Biobanca del Microbiota intestinale e salivare umano: dalla disbiosi alla simbiosi). Conflicts of Interest:The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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“…Ethnic differences have shown to play a significant role in the outcome of CRC, which has been attributed to possible differences in the gut microbiome [22]. For instance, while Bacteroides species, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Enterobacter species were more abundant in African-American patients with CRC, Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium species were more abundant in Caucasians [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of the gut microbiota with colorectal cancer in a South Asian cohort of patients

Sahankumari

Gamage

Malavige

2019

Preprint

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20Background: As the gut microbiome is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of colorectal 21 carcinoma (CRC) and affected by the diet and the genetic composition, we sought to investigate 22 the patterns of gut microbiota that associate with CRC in a South Asian cohort of patients with 23 CRC. 24 Methodology: The relative abundance of 45 types of gut microbial species were determined in 25 faecal samples of CRC patients (n=24), DM (n=20) and healthy age matched controls (n=44), 26 using a PCR array. Data was analyzed using the specific software for analysis of bacterial DNA 27 quantification. 28 Results: The species Bacteroides fragilis (23.9-fold), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (8-fold) and 29 Akkermansia muciniphila (5.9 fold) were several-fold over expressed in patients with CRC 30 compared to healthy individuals, whereas bacterial species of the Phylum Proteobactria were under 31 expressed. There was no difference in the abundance of these 3 species of bacteria with tumour 32 stage or gender and age of patients. Aeromonas species, Enterococcus faecium and Shigella 33 dysenteriae (Proteobacteria) were over 100-fold over abundant in those with DM compared to 34 healthy individuals. Although 70.83% of those with CRC also had diabetes, the relative abundance 35 of microbiota in CRC patients were different to those who had diabetes and no CRC.36 Conclusions: Patients with CRC and DM harbor a markedly different gut microbiota patterns 37 compared to their healthy counterparts. Similar patterns of gut microbial dysbiosis that associate 38 with CRC and DM appear be seen in South Asian populations, compared to Western countries, 39 despite differences in the diet and ethnicity.40 3 41 Background 42Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third commonest cause of cancer worldwide and is the fourth 43 commonest cancer leading to death [1]. It has been predicted that the deaths due to colonic cancer 44 and rectal cancer will increase by 60% and 71.5%, respectively until year 2035 due to the increase 45 in the aging population [1]. The increase in the incidence of CRC is predicted to rise substantially 46 more in developing countries vs developed countries due to these changes in population 47 56 positive E.coli, enterotoxigenic Bacteriodes fragilis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus 57 gallolyticus [8-12]. While some of these microbes were overabundant in the gut microbiome of 58 patients with CRC, some have been detected specifically in tumor tissue and also in distance 59 metastasis, suggesting that they may play a role in the pathogenesis of this cancer [12]. They are 60 thought predispose to the development of CRC by inducing epigenetic changes and thereby 61 affecting gene transcription, inducing DNA damage and reactive oxygen species and by inducing 62 procarcinogenic cytokines [12]. 4 63 Of the factors that affect the diversity of the gut microbiome, the diet plays a central role. Although 64 the relative abundance of gut microbiota depends on an individual's genetic composition (12%), 65

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Gut microbiome profiling and colorectal cancer in African Americans and Caucasian Americans

Cited by 50 publications

References 66 publications

Microbiome and morbid obesity increase pathogenic stimulus diversity

Microbiome and morbid obesity increase pathogenic stimulus diversity

Gut Microbiota Imbalance is Related to Sporadic Colorectal Neoplasms. A Pilot Study

Association of the gut microbiota with colorectal cancer in a South Asian cohort of patients

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