Gut microbiota and autoimmune diseases (Literature review)

Abstract

Autoimmune diseases are chronic progressive processes associated with dysfunction of the central and peripheral structures of the nervous system. The understanding of the processes taking place inside the body has changed significantly thanks to modern technologies, which made it possible to identify the close relationship of the intestine with the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems of a person. It is believed that the majority of chronic diseases of multifactorial nature are based on changes in the species diversity of the gut microbiota, which leads to irreversible damage to the homeostasis of the microorganism. Dysfunction associated with changes in the composition, diversity and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota leads to the development of inflammation and some chronic diseases. Many scientific authors conducted data analysis of the role of the gut microbiota in the development of autoimmune diseases and the possible ways of correction. A number of issues concerning the interaction of macro- and microorganisms are being actively studied and require further clarification. Changes in the immune status of the human body, which occur during the restructuring of the gut microbiome in patients with autoimmune diseases, are important. Compensation of nutritional imbalance, gut microbiota, as well as physical activity adequate for age and living conditions, allows providing energy homeostasis and is a promising direction for preventing the development and reducing the rate of progression of autoimmune diseases. Key words: gut microbiota, autoimmune diseases, immune dysfunction, homeostasis, probiotics, lifestyle modification